{"id":16386,"date":"2020-11-11T05:17:17","date_gmt":"2020-11-11T02:17:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/barlaslaw.com\/?p=16386"},"modified":"2020-11-11T05:18:58","modified_gmt":"2020-11-11T02:18:58","slug":"tarim-arazilerinde-komsu-parselin-onalim-hakkinin-kaldirilmasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/barlaslaw.com\/tr\/tarim-arazilerinde-komsu-parselin-onalim-hakkinin-kaldirilmasi\/","title":{"rendered":"Tar\u0131m Arazilerinde Kom\u015fu Parselin \u00d6nal\u0131m Hakk\u0131n\u0131n Kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

5403 say\u0131l\u0131 \u201cToprak Koruma ve Arazi Kullan\u0131m\u0131 Kanunu\u201d ile tar\u0131msal arazilerdeki s\u0131n\u0131rda\u015f maliklere \u00f6zg\u00fc bir \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak 04.11.2020 tarihli ve 31294 say\u0131l\u0131 Resmi Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan 7255 say\u0131l\u0131 \u201cG\u0131da, Tar\u0131m ve Orman Alan\u0131nda Baz\u0131 D\u00fczenlemeler Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u201d ile s\u00f6z konusu \u201cToprak Koruma ve Arazi Kullan\u0131m\u0131 Kanunu\u201dnda \u00e7ok say\u0131da de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu de\u011fi\u015fikliklerden biri de kom\u015fu parsele tan\u0131nan \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemedir.<\/p>\n

Kanun koyucu taraf\u0131ndan; tar\u0131msal arazilerin b\u00f6l\u00fcnerek i\u015flevselli\u011fini kaybetmesini \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lan bu d\u00fczenleme uygulamada tar\u0131msal arazi malikleri i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 yaratmaktad\u0131r. Bu uygulama, tar\u0131msal arazilere ili\u015fkin yat\u0131r\u0131mlar yapmak isteyen al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n azalmas\u0131na, potansiyel al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 nedeniyle yarg\u0131lamayla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmak istememesi sebebiyle tar\u0131msal arazi sat\u0131n almaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla s\u00f6z konusu uygulama her ne kadar tar\u0131msal arazilerin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flamak amac\u0131 g\u00fcd\u00fclerek yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa da amac\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebilmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6ncelikle \u00f6nal\u0131m (\u015fufa) hakk\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamak gerekirse; temel olarak TMK madde 732\u2019de \u201cPayl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyette bir payda\u015f\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerindeki pay\u0131n\u0131 tamamen veya k\u0131smen \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye satmas\u0131 halinde, di\u011fer payda\u015flar \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilirler.\u201d<\/em> \u015feklinde h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yani kanuni \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131; payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyette bir payda\u015f\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerindeki pay\u0131n\u0131 tamamen veya k\u0131smen \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ki\u015fiye satmas\u0131 halinde, di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131n bu pay\u0131 sat\u0131n alabilme haklar\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. \u00d6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 esas olarak TMK\u2019da d\u00fczenlenmekle beraber, baz\u0131 kanunlarda da tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kanunlardan birisi yukar\u0131da ifade edildi\u011fi \u00fczere 5403 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019dur. Kanun\u2019un 8\/\u0130 maddesinin tar\u0131msal arazilerde s\u0131n\u0131rda\u015f maliklere \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 tan\u0131yan ve \u201cTar\u0131msal arazilerin sat\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde s\u0131n\u0131rda\u015f tar\u0131msal arazi malikleri de \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Tar\u0131msal arazi, s\u0131n\u0131rda\u015f maliklerden birine sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, di\u011fer s\u0131n\u0131rda\u015f malikler \u00f6nal\u0131m haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanamaz. \u00d6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131na sahip birden fazla s\u0131n\u0131rda\u015f tar\u0131msal arazi malikinin bulunmas\u0131 halinde hakim, tar\u0131msal b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck arz eden s\u0131n\u0131rda\u015f arazi malikine \u00f6nal\u0131ma konu tar\u0131msal arazinin m\u00fclkiyetinin devrine karar verir\u201d<\/em> \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenen h\u00fck\u00fcm yeni d\u00fczenleme ile kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

5403 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un atf\u0131yla TMK madde 733\u2019e g\u00f6re s\u00f6z konusu \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131, tar\u0131msal araziyi sat\u0131n alan al\u0131c\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 dava a\u00e7mak suretiyle kullan\u0131labiliyordu. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 do\u011furan devir, sat\u0131\u015f i\u015flemi olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktayd\u0131. Sat\u0131\u015f i\u015flemi, \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 sahiplerine gayrimenkul\u00fcn al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan noter yoluyla bildirilmi\u015fse, bildirimden itibaren 3 ay i\u00e7erisinde; sat\u0131\u015f, noter yoluyla bildirilmemi\u015fse sat\u0131\u015f tarihinden itibaren 2 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmekteydi. Bu s\u00fcreler hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc nitelikte olup s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7tikten sonra \u015fufa davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildi. Sat\u0131\u015fa ili\u015fkin olarak \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak istemeyen s\u0131n\u0131rda\u015f maliklerin s\u00f6z konusu haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak istemediklerini yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde beyan etmeleri yeterli olmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda tar\u0131msal arazilerin fiilen kullan\u0131l\u0131p kullan\u0131lmamas\u0131 \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131mamakta, \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak isteyen al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n, s\u0131n\u0131rda\u015f ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n maliki olmas\u0131 gerekmekteydi. Ayr\u0131ca sat\u0131lacak olan arazi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da hisse devri de\u011fil, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn sat\u0131\u015fa konu olmas\u0131 gerekmekteydi.<\/p>\n

Tar\u0131msal arazinin birden fazla kom\u015fusu bulunmas\u0131 durumunda ise kom\u015fu parsellerden birinin \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131yla di\u011fer s\u0131n\u0131rda\u015flar\u0131n \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 ortadan kalkmaktayd\u0131. Birden fazla s\u0131n\u0131rda\u015f malikin \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak istedi\u011fi durumlarda Kanun, hakime takdir hakk\u0131 tan\u0131maktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f olan bu \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlar meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Bu durumla ilgili olarak Yarg\u0131tay 14. Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 2018\/3645 E. ve 2019\/339 K. say\u0131l\u0131, 15.01.2019 tarihli karar\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\u201cKanun koyucu, belirlenen en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tar\u0131msal parsel b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn alt\u0131ndaki parsellerin sat\u0131\u015fa konu edilmeleri halinde, sat\u0131n almada \u00f6ncelik hakk\u0131n\u0131 kom\u015fu parsel malikine tan\u0131mak suretiyle, belirlenen miktar\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki tar\u0131m arazilerinin kom\u015fu parsellerle birle\u015ftirilmesini ve asgari tar\u0131msal arazi b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kavu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131 hedeflemi\u015ftir.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal \u00fczerindeki m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlayan \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin yorumunda ve uygulamas\u0131nda, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcne zarar verilmemesi gerekir. Bu yap\u0131l\u0131rken, \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131yla g\u00fcd\u00fclen amac\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fip ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeyece\u011finin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. Sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan her tar\u0131msal arazi hakk\u0131nda, b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ne olursa olsun, kom\u015fu tar\u0131m arazisi malikinin \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131labilece\u011fini kabul etmek, asgari tar\u0131msal arazi b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc haiz bir tar\u0131m arazisinin maliki taraf\u0131ndan istenilen ki\u015fiye, ger\u00e7ek de\u011feri \u00fczerinden devredilmesine engel olur. B\u00f6yle bir uygulama, m\u00fclkiyetin devri konusundaki k\u0131s\u0131tlama h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131 olacak \u015fekilde geni\u015fletilmesi anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/em><\/p>\n

Kanun bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak nazara al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kanun koyucunun tar\u0131m arazilerinin hadsiz ve hudutsuz bir \u015fekilde b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fclmesini ama\u00e7lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, belirlenen b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn alt\u0131ndaki tar\u0131m arazilerinin kom\u015fu tar\u0131m arazileriyle birle\u015ftirilmesini hedefledi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n

Daval\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan sat\u0131n al\u0131nan ve davaya konu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n niteli\u011fi mahkemece yap\u0131lan ke\u015fif sonucu ald\u0131r\u0131lan bilirki\u015fi raporunda tespit edilmemi\u015f ise de 5403 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 8. maddesinde belirtilen asgari tar\u0131msal arazi b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck miktar\u0131 ile hedeflenen miktar\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00fczerinde oldu\u011fu hatta Kanunun 8\/A maddesinde belirtilen yeter gelirli tar\u0131msal arazi b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn de \u00e7ok \u00fczerinde oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, bu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz hakk\u0131nda \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in hakl\u0131 bir sebep bulunmamaktad\u0131r. 4721 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 2. maddesinde belirtildi\u011fi gibi; herkes, haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131rken ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 yerine getirirken d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kurallar\u0131na uymak zorundad\u0131r. Bir hakk\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 hukuk d\u00fczeni korumaz.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak, en son d\u00fczenlemelerle birlikte tar\u0131m arazilerinde \u00e7ok ciddi ihtilaflar \u00e7\u0131karan ve tar\u0131m arazisini satmak isteyen ki\u015filerin \u00f6ncelikle bu durumu 3 ay s\u00fcre vermek \u015fart\u0131 ile kom\u015fu t\u00fcm parsellere bildirme ve\/veya bildirmezse 2 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde kom\u015fu parsellerin \u00f6n al\u0131m (\u015fufa) hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilmesine y\u00f6nelik d\u00fczenleme tamamen ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

5403 say\u0131l\u0131 \u201cToprak Koruma ve Arazi Kullan\u0131m\u0131 Kanunu\u201d ile tar\u0131msal arazilerdeki s\u0131n\u0131rda\u015f maliklere \u00f6zg\u00fc bir \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak 04.11.2020 tarihli ve 31294 say\u0131l\u0131 Resmi Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan 7255 say\u0131l\u0131 \u201cG\u0131da, Tar\u0131m ve Orman Alan\u0131nda Baz\u0131 D\u00fczenlemeler Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u201d ile s\u00f6z konusu \u201cToprak Koruma ve Arazi Kullan\u0131m\u0131 Kanunu\u201dnda \u00e7ok say\u0131da de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu de\u011fi\u015fikliklerden biri de kom\u015fu parsele tan\u0131nan \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":16387,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[51],"tags":[],"table_tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nTar\u0131m Arazilerinde Kom\u015fu Parselin \u00d6nal\u0131m Hakk\u0131n\u0131n Kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 - Barlas Hukuk B\u00fcrosu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/barlaslaw.com\/tr\/tarim-arazilerinde-komsu-parselin-onalim-hakkinin-kaldirilmasi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tar\u0131m Arazilerinde Kom\u015fu Parselin \u00d6nal\u0131m Hakk\u0131n\u0131n Kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 - Barlas Hukuk B\u00fcrosu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"5403 say\u0131l\u0131 \u201cToprak Koruma ve Arazi Kullan\u0131m\u0131 Kanunu\u201d ile tar\u0131msal arazilerdeki s\u0131n\u0131rda\u015f maliklere \u00f6zg\u00fc bir \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 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