{"id":16598,"date":"2020-12-03T20:43:04","date_gmt":"2020-12-03T17:43:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/barlaslaw.com\/?p=16598"},"modified":"2020-12-03T20:43:04","modified_gmt":"2020-12-03T17:43:04","slug":"suriyeli-iscilere-calisma-izni-nasil-alinir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/barlaslaw.com\/tr\/suriyeli-iscilere-calisma-izni-nasil-alinir\/","title":{"rendered":"Suriyeli \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilere \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u0130zni Nas\u0131l Al\u0131n\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Suriyeli i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, \u2013<\/strong>g\u00fcncelleme 02.01.2020- \u00a0Suriyeli \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131racak firmalar i\u00e7in \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni harc\u0131n\u0131\u00a0<strong>347,10 TL olarak g\u00fcncellemi\u015ftir.\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0 Bu sayfa, Suriyeli i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131racak firmalar i\u00e7in benzersiz ve g\u00fcncel bilgiler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Suriyeli i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma \u015fartlar\u0131\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u0130\u015f yerinizde\u00a0<strong>ge\u00e7ici koruma kart\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>(GKK)<\/strong>\u00a0sahibi bir Suriyeli i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in SGK ya kay\u0131tl\u0131 en az bir\u00a0 T\u00fcrk personelinizin olmas\u0131 yeterlidir, berberler, oto sanayiler ve di\u011fer t\u00fcm \u00e7\u0131rak ve kalfa ihtiyac\u0131 olan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck esnaflar isterlerse \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni alarak i\u015f yerlerinde bir Suriyeliyi yasal olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilirler.<\/p>\n<p>Fabrikada Suriyeli \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak zorunlu de\u011fildir fakat ihtiya\u00e7 olmas\u0131 durumunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak her bir Suriyeli i\u00e7in en az 10 T\u00fcrk personel olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015facak Suriyeli say\u0131s\u0131 toplam personelin %10 undan fazla olamaz. \u00d6rne\u011fin 100 ki\u015finin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir fabrikada sadece 10 Suriyeli i\u015f\u00e7iye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni alabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>Suriyeli i\u015f\u00e7iye \u00f6denecek \u00fccret asgari \u00fccret\u00a0 veya \u00fcst\u00fc olmal\u0131d\u0131r, di\u011fer yabanc\u0131lar i\u00e7in taban \u00fccret asgari \u00fccretin bir bu\u00e7uk kat\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Dernek ve Vak\u0131f ve Sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131 haricinde Suriyeli i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak isteyen ki\u015fi veya kurumlar bir yabanc\u0131 i\u00e7in on T\u00fcrk \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak zorundad\u0131r. On ki\u015fiden az T\u00fcrk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 olan i\u015f yerlerinde sadece bir Suriyeli i\u015f\u00e7iye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni al\u0131nabilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Suriyeli i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak isteyenlerin \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u0130zni Alma Zorunlulu\u011fu vard\u0131r.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Suriyeli i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni olmaks\u0131z\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015famaz veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaz. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma izni olmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Suriyeli i\u015f\u00e7iler ile bunlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ranlar hakk\u0131nda 27\/2\/2003 tarihli ve 4817 say\u0131l\u0131 Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u0130zinleri Hakk\u0131nda Konunun ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulan\u0131r.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.calismaizni.gov.tr\/html\/kacak-yabanc%C4%B1-isci-calistirma-cezasi\/\">http:\/\/www.calismaizni.gov.tr\/html\/kacak-yabanc%C4%B1-isci-calistirma-cezasi\/<\/a><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"_e4b\">Suriyeli i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma izni nas\u0131l al\u0131n\u0131r?<\/h2>\n<p>Gecici koruma (GKK) sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131lar i\u00e7in, GKK kay\u0131t tarihinden alt\u0131 ay sonra \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni almak i\u00e7in bakanl\u0131\u011fa ba\u015fvuruda bulunabilirler. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma izni ba\u015fvurular\u0131, GKK sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131racak i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan e-Devlet Kap\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinden yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma iznine ba\u015fvurma hakk\u0131 olan ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131lar kendi ad\u0131na ba\u015fvuru yapar.<\/p>\n<p>Mevsimlik tar\u0131m veya hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k i\u015flerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131lar, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni muafiyeti kapsam\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma izni muafiyeti ba\u015fvurular\u0131 ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan il valili\u011fine yap\u0131l\u0131r.Bu ba\u015fvurular, ilgili valilik taraf\u0131ndan Bakanl\u0131\u011fa bildirilir.Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a, mevsimlik tar\u0131m veya hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k i\u015flerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131lara ili\u015fkin il ve kota s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 getirilebilir.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Ge\u00e7ici koruma kapsam\u0131ndaki yabanc\u0131lar i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni ba\u015fvurusu\" width=\"1140\" height=\"641\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/D3kv9ZootnM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>De\u011ferlendirme<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma izni ba\u015fvurular\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesinde, 29\/8\/2003 tarihli ve 25214 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019 de yay\u0131mlanan Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u0130zinleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanunun Uygulama Y\u00f6netmeli\u011finin 13 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesi uyar\u0131nca Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a de\u011ferlendirme kriterleri belirlenir.<\/p>\n<p>Kanunlarda yaln\u0131zca T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan icras\u0131na izin verilen i\u015f ve meslekler i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvurular de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n i\u015flemden kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bakanl\u0131\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izin ba\u015fvurusu i\u00e7in: sa\u011fl\u0131k meslek mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, e\u011fitim meslek \u00a0 mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n ise Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan veya Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Kurulu Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6n izin almalar\u0131 gerekir. \u00d6n izin belgesi olmayan ba\u015fvurular de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n i\u015flemden kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u0130zni Verilecek \u0130ller<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131lara \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma iznine ba\u015fvuru hakk\u0131 verilmesinde, Ge\u00e7ici Koruma Y\u00f6netmenli\u011finin 24 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesi uyar\u0131nca yabanc\u0131n\u0131n kalmas\u0131na izin verilen iller esas al\u0131n\u0131r. Yani Suriyeli i\u015f\u00e7i ge\u00e7ici kimlik kart\u0131n\u0131 hangi ilden ald\u0131ysa o il de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Kamu d\u00fczeni, kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ya da kamu sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni verilmesinde sak\u0131nca g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca bildirildi illerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni verilmesi, Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a durdurulur. Bu illerde, verilmi\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izinleri uzat\u0131lmaz. Ancak, yabanc\u0131n\u0131n bu ilde kalma hakk\u0131 devam ediyorsa, \u00f6nceden verilen ve ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi devam eden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izinleri, sona erdi\u011fi tarihe kadar uzat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130stihdam Kotas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma izni ba\u015fvurular\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesinde, i\u015f yerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinden sekt\u00f6r ve illere a\u00e7\u0131k i\u015f ve i\u015fe yerle\u015ftirmeler dikkate al\u0131narak Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a, ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131 istihdam\u0131 kotas\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fen oranlarda uygulanabilir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kra h\u00fckm\u00fc sakl\u0131 kalmak \u00fczere, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma iznine ba\u015fvurulan i\u015f yerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131, i\u015f yerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde onunu ge\u00e7emez. Bu demek oluyor ki i\u015f yerinizde 100 ki\u015fi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsa sadece 10 Suriyeli i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>Toplam \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan say\u0131s\u0131 ondan az olan i\u015f yerlerinde en fazla bir ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na izin verilebilir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan; i\u015f yerinin kay\u0131tl\u0131 bulundu\u011fu \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve \u0130\u015f Kurumu \u0130l M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni ba\u015fvurusu tarihinden \u00f6nceki d\u00f6rt haftal\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yabanc\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 i\u015fi yapacak ayn\u0131 nitelikte T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 bulunamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belgelendirildi\u011fi ba\u015fvurularda istihdam kotas\u0131 uygulanmayabilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u0130zni Verilmesi ve Bildirimi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ba\u015fvurusu olumlu de\u011ferlendirilen yabanc\u0131lara Bakanl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni verilir ve bu durum \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile i\u015fverene bildirilir.<\/p>\n<p>Mevsimlik tar\u0131m veya hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k i\u015flerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclen ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131lara verilen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni muafiyetleri ilgili valili\u011fe bildirilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Suriyeli i\u015f\u00e7ilere verilecek \u00fccret<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan Suriyeli i\u015f\u00e7iye asgari \u00fccretin alt\u0131nda \u00fccret \u00f6denemez. Suriyeli i\u015f\u00e7i nin \u00a0Dernek, Vak\u0131f ve K\u00e2r Amac\u0131 G\u00fctmeyen Kurulu\u015flarda \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 4\/11\/2014 tarihli ve 5253 say\u0131l\u0131 Dernek Kanunu uyar\u0131nca kamu yarar\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan dernek stat\u00fcs\u00fcne sahip dernekler ile 30\/7\/2003 tarihli ve 4962 say\u0131l\u0131 Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Vak\u0131flara Vergi Muafiyeti Tan\u0131nmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun uyar\u0131nca vergi muafiyeti tan\u0131nan vak\u0131flar, insani yard\u0131m hizmeti faaliyetlerinde ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak \u00fczere Bakanl\u0131\u011fa ba\u015fvurabilirler.<\/p>\n<p>Yukar\u0131daki kapsam\u0131nda yer almayan dernekler, dernek \u015fube veya temsilcilikleri, federasyonlar, konfederasyonlar ve yabanc\u0131 dernekler ile merkezleri yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunan dernek ve vak\u0131f d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki k\u00e2r amac\u0131 g\u00fctmeyen kurulu\u015flar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki \u015fube veya temsilcilikleri ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan Suriyeli i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak \u00fczere Bakanl\u0131\u011fa ba\u015fvurabilirler. Ancak, ba\u015fvuru yapan kurulu\u015flara ili\u015fkin \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n uygun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc aran\u0131r. Uygun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f al\u0131namayan kurulu\u015flara ait ba\u015fvurular de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n i\u015flemden kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mesleki E\u011fitim<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f Kurumu taraf\u0131ndan aktif i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc hizmetleri kapsam\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen kurs ve programlar kapsam\u0131nda bir i\u015f yerinde mesleki e\u011fitim ve i\u015fba\u015f\u0131 e\u011fitimi g\u00f6recekler ile bu ki\u015filerin e\u011fitim s\u00fcresinin sonunda ayn\u0131 i\u015f yerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Bakanl\u0131\u011fa ba\u015fvuruda bulunabilirler.<\/p>\n<p>Bu madde kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak ba\u015fvurularda, Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a i\u015f yeri istihdam kotas\u0131 farkl\u0131 uygulanabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Y\u00f6netmelik kapsam\u0131nda ge\u00e7ici korumas\u0131 sonland\u0131r\u0131lan veya iptal edilen Suriyeli i\u015f\u00e7ilerin alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izinleri iptal edilir.<\/p>\n<h1>Yasal Dayanak<\/h1>\n<h2><strong>Suriyeli i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi<\/strong><\/h2>\n<blockquote><p>Bu rehberin amac\u0131, 4\/4\/2013 tarihli ve 6458 say\u0131l\u0131 Yabanc\u0131lar ve Uluslararas\u0131 Koruma Kanunu uyar\u0131nca ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131lar ad\u0131na d\u00fczenlenecek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izinleri ile mevsimlik tar\u0131m veya hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k i\u015flerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015facaklara sa\u011flanacak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni muafiyetine ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar\u0131n belirlenmesidir.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>1.2. Yasal Dayanaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu rehber, 6458 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 91 inci maddesi ile 13\/10\/2014 tarihli ve 2014\/6883 say\u0131l\u0131 Bakanlar Kurulu Karar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca 22\/10\/2014 tarihli ve 29153 say\u0131l\u0131 Resmi Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan \u201cGe\u00e7ici Koruma Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi\u201dnin 29 uncu maddesine dayan\u0131larak haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bu rehber ayn\u0131 zamanda, Bakanlar Kurulu taraf\u0131ndan 11\/1\/2016 tarihinde kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak 15\/1\/2016 tarihli ve 29594 say\u0131l\u0131 Resmi Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren \u201cGe\u00e7ici Koruma Sa\u011flanan Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u0130zinlerine Dair Y\u00f6netmelik\u201d h\u00fck\u00fcmleri esas al\u0131narak \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Valilikler, \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve \u0130\u015f Kurumu \u0130l M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fckleri ile di\u011fer ilgili kurumlar\u0131n g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri ile ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flananlar ve bunlar\u0131n i\u015fverenlerinin y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcklerini belirlemek amac\u0131yla haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.3. Tan\u0131mlar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu Rehberde yer alan;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>a) Bakanl\u0131k: \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>b) \u0130l M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc: \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve \u0130\u015f Kurumu \u0130l M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc,<\/li>\n<li>c) Otomasyon sistemi: Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u0130zinleri Otomasyon Sistemini,<\/li>\n<li>d) Yabanc\u0131 kimlik numaras\u0131: Ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n 99 ile ba\u015flayan 11 haneli kimlik numaras\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>MEVS\u0130ML\u0130K TARIM VE HAYVANCILIK \u0130\u015eLER\u0130NDE \u00c7ALI\u015eMA \u0130ZN\u0130 MUAF\u0130YET\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2.1. Ba\u015fvuru \u015eartlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131lardan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilen \u015fartlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yanlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni muafiyet ba\u015fvurular\u0131 kabul edilir:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>a) Yabanc\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7ici koruma kapsam\u0131nda oldu\u011funu belirten ge\u00e7ici koruma kimlik belgesinin\/yabanc\u0131 tan\u0131tma belgesinin ve yabanc\u0131 kimlik numaras\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>b) \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma izni muafiyeti ba\u015fvurusunun yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih itibar\u0131yla en az alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k ge\u00e7ici koruma s\u00fcresinin doldurulmu\u015f olmas\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>c) Ge\u00e7ici koruma kayd\u0131na g\u00f6re yabanc\u0131ya kalma hakk\u0131 sa\u011flanan ilde ve sadece mevsimlik tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k i\u015flerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere ba\u015fvuru yap\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>2.2. Ba\u015fvuru Usul\u00fc ve De\u011ferlendirme<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>a) \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma izni muafiyet ba\u015fvurusu, yabanc\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ici koruma kimlik belgesi\/yabanc\u0131 tan\u0131tma belgesi ile ge\u00e7ici koruma ile kalma hakk\u0131 sa\u011flanan ildeki \u0130l M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>b) \u0130l M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn yetkili kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yabanc\u0131n\u0131n kimlik numaras\u0131 otomasyon sistemine girildikten sonra sorgulama yap\u0131larak yabanc\u0131ya ait kimlik bilgileri getirilir.<\/li>\n<li>c) Yap\u0131lan sorgulamada; yabanc\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7ici koruma kapsam\u0131nda oldu\u011fu, ba\u015fvurunun yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih itibar\u0131yla en az alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k ge\u00e7ici koruma s\u00fcresinin dolduruldu\u011fu, \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kay\u0131tlar\u0131ndan teyit edilemezse otomasyon sisteminde i\u015fleme devam edilemeyece\u011fi uyar\u0131s\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>d) Ge\u00e7ici korunan yabanc\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni muafiyeti talep etti\u011fi il bilgisinin se\u00e7ilmesi ve kaydedilmesi ile kay\u0131t i\u015flemi tamamlan\u0131r. Se\u00e7ilen il kodu ile \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kay\u0131tlar\u0131na g\u00f6re yabanc\u0131ya kalma hakk\u0131 sa\u011flanan il kodunun uyu\u015fmamas\u0131 halinde otomasyon sisteminde i\u015fleme devam edilemeyece\u011fi uyar\u0131s\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>e) Ge\u00e7erli bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni bulunan ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131n\u0131n, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni muafiyet ba\u015fvurusu yapacak olmas\u0131 halinde otomasyon sisteminde i\u015fleme devam edilemeyece\u011fi uyar\u0131s\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131r. Ancak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izninin iptal edilmesi sonras\u0131nda muafiyet ba\u015fvurusuna devam edilebilir.<\/li>\n<li>f) Kayd\u0131 tamamlanarak talebi uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclen ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131ya, otomasyon sistemi \u00fczerinden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131 al\u0131nan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni muafiyeti bilgi formu verilecektir.<\/li>\n<li>g) \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma izni muafiyetini iptal ettirmek amac\u0131yla ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan il m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ba\u015fvuru yap\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde, il m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnce gerekli iptal i\u015flemi otomasyon sistemi \u00fczerinden yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>2.3. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u0130zni Muafiyeti Bilgi Formunun Kapsam\u0131 ve \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>a) Sadece mevsimlik tar\u0131m veya hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k i\u015flerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilecekleri,<\/li>\n<li>b) Ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan ilden ba\u015fka bir ilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haklar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>c) \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma izni muafiyeti bilgi formunun ge\u00e7ici koruma kimlik belgesi\/yabanc\u0131 tan\u0131tma belgesi ile birlikte ibraz edilmesi zorunlulu\u011funun bulundu\u011fu,<\/li>\n<li>d) Muafiyetin sona erme tarihinden sonra \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam edilecek olmas\u0131 halinde, \u0130l M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yeniden ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi,<\/li>\n<li>e) Ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni muafiyeti kapsam\u0131nda olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Yabanc\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u0130zni Sorgulama Sistemi (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.calismaizni.gov.tr\/\">calismaizni.gov.tr<\/a>) \u00fczerinden yabanc\u0131 kimlik numaras\u0131 girilerek sorgulanabilece\u011fi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni muafiyeti bilgi formunda T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve Arap\u00e7a olarak belirtilir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>2.4. Valiliklere Bildirim Mevsimlik tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k i\u015flerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni muafiyeti bilgi formu verilen ge\u00e7ici korunan yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n il m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fcklerince her ay otomasyon sistemi \u00fczerinden al\u0131nan listesi, izleyen ay\u0131n ilk haftas\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde Valili\u011fe bildirilir.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00dc\u00c7\u00dcNC\u00dc B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00c7ALI\u015eMA \u0130ZN\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>3.1. Ba\u015fvuru \u015eartlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131lardan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilen \u015fartlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yanlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak \u00fczere yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvurular kabul edilir:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>a) Yabanc\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7ici koruma kapsam\u0131nda oldu\u011funu belirten ge\u00e7ici koruma kimlik belgesinin\/yabanc\u0131 tan\u0131tma belgesinin ve yabanc\u0131 kimlik numaras\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>b) \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma izni ba\u015fvurusunun yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih itibar\u0131yla en az alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k ge\u00e7ici koruma s\u00fcresinin doldurulmu\u015f olmas\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>c) Ge\u00e7ici koruma kayd\u0131na g\u00f6re yabanc\u0131ya kalma hakk\u0131 sa\u011flanan ilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere ba\u015fvuru yap\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>d) \u00d6n izin alma zorunlulu\u011fu olan mesleklerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak ge\u00e7ici korunanlar\u0131n, ilgili Bakanl\u0131klardan \u00f6n izin belgesinin al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>e) Ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir i\u015fverenin yan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere d\u00fczenlenen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izninin ya da bu yabanc\u0131 i\u00e7in daha \u00f6nce yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f sonu\u00e7lanmayan bir ba\u015fvurusunun bulunmamas\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>3.2. Ba\u015fvuru Usul\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>a) \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma izni ba\u015fvurusu, ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131racak i\u015fverenler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>b) Ba\u015fvuru, e-Devlet Kap\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinden (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.turkiye.gov.tr\/\">turkiye.gov.tr<\/a>\u00a0) online olarak otomasyon sisteminde ge\u00e7ici koruma kapsam\u0131ndaki yabanc\u0131lar i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lan mod\u00fcl se\u00e7ilerek yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>c) Otomasyon sisteminde i\u015fveren kayd\u0131 olmayanlar \u00f6ncelikle i\u015fveren kayd\u0131 olu\u015ftururlar.<\/li>\n<li>d) Otomasyon sistemine yabanc\u0131n\u0131n kimlik numaras\u0131 girildikten sonra sorgulama yap\u0131larak yabanc\u0131ya ait n\u00fcfus bilgileri getirilir.<\/li>\n<li>e) Yap\u0131lan sorgulamada; yabanc\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7ici koruma kapsam\u0131nda oldu\u011fu, ba\u015fvurunun yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih itibar\u0131yla en az alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k ge\u00e7ici koruma s\u00fcresinin dolduruldu\u011fu, \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kay\u0131tlar\u0131ndan teyit edilemezse otomasyon sisteminde i\u015fleme devam edilemeyece\u011fi uyar\u0131s\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>f) Ge\u00e7ici korunan yabanc\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 adres bilgisinin sistem girilmesi esnas\u0131nda se\u00e7ilen il ile yabanc\u0131ya ge\u00e7ici koruma ile kalma hakk\u0131 sa\u011flanan ilin kodunun uyu\u015fmamas\u0131 halinde otomasyon sisteminde i\u015fleme devam edilemeyece\u011fi uyar\u0131s\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>g) Yabanc\u0131ya ve i\u015fverenine ait bilgilerin otomasyon sistemine eksiksiz girilmesi ve yabanc\u0131 ve i\u015fveren aras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile yabanc\u0131n\u0131n foto\u011fraf\u0131n\u0131n sisteme taran\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunludur.<\/li>\n<li>h) Ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131n\u0131n daha \u00f6nce yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f de\u011ferlendirme a\u015famas\u0131nda bir ba\u015fvurusunun bulunmas\u0131 halinde otomasyon sisteminde i\u015fleme devam edilemez.<\/li>\n<li>i) \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma izin ba\u015fvurusunun otomasyon sistemi \u00fczerinden online yap\u0131lmas\u0131 yeterli olup, Bakanl\u0131\u011fa ka\u011f\u0131t ortam\u0131nda herhangi belge g\u00f6nderilmeyecektir.<\/li>\n<li>j) Ge\u00e7ici koruma kapsam\u0131nda kendi ad\u0131na ve hesab\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan yabanc\u0131lar vergi numaralar\u0131 olmas\u0131 kayd\u0131yla i\u015fyerinin kurulu\u015f i\u015flemlerinin tamamlanmas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda, \u015firketler i\u00e7in ticaret sicil gazetesi, ger\u00e7ek ki\u015fi tacirler ile esnaf ve sanatkarlar i\u00e7in ilgili oda sicil kay\u0131t belgesi gibi i\u015fyerinin faaliyetini g\u00f6sterir belgelerin ba\u015fvuru esnas\u0131nda otomasyon sistemine taran\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni almak zorundad\u0131r. Yetkili idarelerce, i\u015fyeri a\u00e7ma ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ruhsat\u0131 verilirken yabanc\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izninin bulunmas\u0131 ko\u015fulu aran\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>3.3. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u0130zni Ba\u015fvurular\u0131n\u0131n De\u011ferlendirilmesi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni ba\u015fvurular\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilen hallerde reddedilir:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>a) \u0130\u015fyerinde ge\u00e7ici koruma kapsam\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, ayn\u0131 i\u015fyerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde onunu ge\u00e7mesi,<\/li>\n<li>b) Ba\u015fvurunun, \u00f6zel kanunlar\u0131 ile yaln\u0131zca T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan icras\u0131na izin verilen i\u015f ve meslekler i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>c) Sa\u011fl\u0131k meslek mensuplar\u0131 i\u00e7in Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, e\u011fitim meslek mensuplar\u0131 i\u00e7in Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan veya Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Kurulu Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6n izin al\u0131nmamas\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>d) De\u011ferlendirme kriterlerinin kar\u015f\u0131lanmamas\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>e) \u0130lgili mercilerin olumsuz g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn bulunmas\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>3.4. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u0130zin Belgesi ve Bildirim<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>a) \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma izni ba\u015fvurusuna ili\u015fkin Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmenin sonucu, ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak isteyen i\u015fverene ve \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na online olarak bildirilir.<\/li>\n<li>b) Talebi uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclen ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131 i\u00e7in Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a olu\u015fturulan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni otomasyon sisteminde \u201cBa\u015fvuru Takip\u201d k\u0131sm\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenebilecektir. Ayr\u0131ca, yabanc\u0131 ad\u0131na Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fczenlenen kart \u015feklindeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izin belgesi yabanc\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131 adrese nitelikli kurye ile g\u00f6nderilecektir.<\/li>\n<li>c) \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma izni verilen ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131, i\u015finin gere\u011fi olarak farkl\u0131 bir ilde bulunmas\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu oldu\u011fu hallerde, g\u00f6\u00e7 idaresi il m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne bu durumu bildirmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>3.5. \u0130stihdam Kotas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u015fyerinde ge\u00e7ici koruma kapsam\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, ayn\u0131 i\u015fyerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde onunu ge\u00e7memesi esast\u0131r. Ancak, hi\u00e7 T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 bulunmayan veya toplam \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan say\u0131s\u0131 ondan az olan i\u015fyerlerinde, ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan en fazla bir yabanc\u0131ya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni verilebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Ayr\u0131ca, i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan; i\u015fyerinin kay\u0131tl\u0131 bulundu\u011fu ildeki \u0130l M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni ba\u015fvurusu tarihinden \u00f6nceki d\u00f6rt haftal\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yabanc\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 i\u015fi yapacak ayn\u0131 nitelikte T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 bulunamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belgelendirildi\u011fi ba\u015fvurularda istihdam kotas\u0131 uygulanmayabilir. Bu hususun Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a de\u011ferlendirilmesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni talebinde bulunulan sekt\u00f6r ve illere g\u00f6re a\u00e7\u0131k i\u015f ve i\u015fe yerle\u015ftirmeler dikkate al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u015fverenlerce istihdam edilmek istenen ancak o i\u015fyerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde onunu ge\u00e7en her ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131 i\u00e7in, Bakanl\u0131\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izin ba\u015fvurusunda bulunulmas\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde il m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine ba\u015fvuruda bulunularak istihdam kotas\u0131 uygulanmayabilece\u011fine y\u00f6nelik belgenin al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu ama\u00e7la i\u015fverenlerce il m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvuruyu izleyen d\u00f6rt haftal\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde, istihdam edilmek istenen ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 i\u015fi yapacak ayn\u0131 nitelikte T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak il m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fcklerince gerekli de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131l\u0131r. D\u00f6rt haftal\u0131k s\u00fcrenin bitiminde, yabanc\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 i\u015fi yapacak T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n o ilde bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespit edilecek olmas\u0131 halinde, il m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fckleri taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fverenlere, ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131n\u0131n istihdam edilebilece\u011fine y\u00f6nelik bir belge verilir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130stihdam kotas\u0131 uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak belge verilirken; i\u015fyerinin SGK tescil numaras\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni talep edilen i\u015fin meslek kodu ve o meslekte istihdam edilebilecek yabanc\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 bilgileri a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilecektir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, il m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnce verilecek s\u00f6z konusu belgede \u201c123\u2026\u201d SGK tescil numaral\u0131 i\u015fyerinde 9312.02 Beden \u0130\u015f\u00e7isi (\u0130n\u015faat) meslek kodu ile 15 i\u015f\u00e7i talebinin d\u00f6rt haftal\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde kar\u015f\u0131lanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususlar\u0131 belirtilecektir.<\/p>\n<p>4\/11\/2004 tarihli ve 5253 say\u0131l\u0131 Dernekler Kanunu uyar\u0131nca kamu yarar\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan dernek stat\u00fcs\u00fcne sahip dernekler ile 30\/7\/2003 tarihli ve 4962 say\u0131l\u0131 Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Vak\u0131flara Vergi Muafiyeti Tan\u0131nmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun uyar\u0131nca vergi muafiyeti tan\u0131nan vak\u0131flar taraf\u0131ndan insani yard\u0131m hizmeti faaliyetlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmak istenen ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131lara ili\u015fkin Bakanl\u0131\u011fa yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izin taleplerinin de\u011ferlendirilmesinde istidam kotas\u0131 uygulanmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3.6. Mesleki e\u011fitim<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131lar, en az alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k ge\u00e7ici koruma s\u00fcresinin doldurulmu\u015f olmas\u0131 ko\u015fuluyla, T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f Kurumu taraf\u0131ndan aktif i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc hizmetleri kapsam\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen kurs ve programlara kat\u0131labilir ve bu kapsamda bir i\u015fyerinde mesleki e\u011fitim ve i\u015fba\u015f\u0131 e\u011fitimi g\u00f6rebilirler.<\/p>\n<p>Mesleki e\u011fitimlerini tamamlayan yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n e\u011fitim g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri i\u015fyerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmak istenilmesi durumunda, i\u015fverenler taraf\u0131ndan bu rehberle belirlenen usul ve esaslar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Bakanl\u0131\u011fa ba\u015fvuruda bulunularak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni al\u0131nmas\u0131 zorunludur. Bu kapsamda yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvurularda istihdam kotas\u0131 Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a farkl\u0131 uygulanabilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>D\u00d6RD\u00dcNC\u00dc B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>D\u0130\u011eER HUSUSLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131lar, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni muafiyeti veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni olmaks\u0131z\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015famaz veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamaz.<\/li>\n<li>Ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n ve i\u015fverenlerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve sosyal g\u00fcvenlik mevzuat\u0131 ile di\u011fer ulusal mevzuattan kaynaklanan hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Ge\u00e7ici koruma kapsam\u0131nda olan yabanc\u0131lardan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni harc\u0131 al\u0131nacak, ikamet izni harc\u0131 al\u0131nmayacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131lara verilen \u201c\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izin belgesi\u201d ile \u201c\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni muafiyetine ili\u015fkin bilgi formu\u201d ikamet izni yerine ge\u00e7mez.<\/li>\n<li>Ba\u015fvuru esnas\u0131nda istenilen belgelerin yan\u0131s\u0131ra Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi halinde ek belge talep edilebilir.<\/li>\n<li>Ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131lara her seferinde en fazla 1 (bir) y\u0131l s\u00fcreli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni muafiyeti verilecektir.<\/li>\n<li>En az alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k ge\u00e7ici koruma s\u00fcresini doldurmu\u015f olan yabanc\u0131lar, \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve \u0130\u015f Kurumu \u0130l M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine ba\u015fvurarak \u201ci\u015f arayan\u201d olarak kurum hizmetlerinden yararlanmak amac\u0131yla kay\u0131t yapt\u0131rabilirler.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cGe\u00e7ici Koruma Sa\u011flanan Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u0130zinlerine Dair Y\u00f6netmelik\u201dte d\u00fczenlenmeyen konularda, 4817 say\u0131l\u0131 Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u0130zinleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun ile bu Kanunun Uygulama Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131lara ili\u015fkin \u201c\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni\u201d ile \u201c\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni muafiyeti\u201d ba\u015fvurular\u0131 yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n 99 ile ba\u015flayan kimlik numaras\u0131 ile yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n sahip olduklar\u0131 98 ile ba\u015flayan numaralar\u0131 ile http:\/\/www.goc.gov.tr\/gecicikoruma\/Pages\/YabanciKimlikSorgulama.aspx adresinden sorgulama yap\u0131larak 99 ile ba\u015flayan kimlik numaralar\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenilebilir.<\/li>\n<li>Ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izninin bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni muafiyeti kapsam\u0131nda olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yabanc\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u0130zni Sorgulama Sistemi (www.calismaizni.gov.tr) \u00fczerinden yabanc\u0131 kimlik numaras\u0131 girilerek sorgulanabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>SUR\u0130YEL\u0130 M\u00dcLTEC\u0130LER\u0130N T\u00dcRK\u0130YE \u0130\u015eG\u00dcC\u00dc P\u0130YASASINA ETK\u0130LER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Suriye\u2019de Mart 2011\u2019den bu yana devam eden \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar nedeniyle on binlerce ki\u015fi hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015f, yaralanm\u0131\u015f ve milyonlarca Suriyeli ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerleri terk etmek zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kendi ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lmak zorunda kalan bu insanlar\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015ftir. Suriyeli ilk m\u00fclteci kafilesi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye 29 Nisan 2011 tarihinde giri\u015f yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00f6\u00e7 \u0130daresi Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc verilerine g\u00f6re, 16 \u015eubat 2017 tarihi itibar\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kay\u0131tl\u0131 olarak 2.910.281 Suriyeli bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Bu toplam\u0131n i\u00e7indeki 259.238 ki\u015finin, 10 kentte kurulan 22 ge\u00e7ici bar\u0131nma merkezinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirilmektedir. Bar\u0131nma merkezleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fayan ve toplam kay\u0131tl\u0131 n\u00fcfusun yakla\u015f\u0131k %90\u2019\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan Suriyeli m\u00fcltecilerin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin t\u00fcm illerine da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Suriyeli m\u00fcltecilerin %45\u2019i 18 ya\u015f\u0131n \u00fczerindedir. Yasal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ya\u015f dilimindeki 15-64 ya\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndakiler ise m\u00fcltecilerin %63\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bu kesimde yer alanlar (\u00e7ocuklar dahil olmak \u00fczere) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ihtiyac\u0131 i\u00e7indedir. Bu ki\u015filerin \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 kentin \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re, emek-yo\u011fun ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak vas\u0131fs\u0131z i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 sekt\u00f6rler, mevsimlik i\u015fler olan tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, in\u015faat, tekstil ve hizmettir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ihtiyac\u0131 duyanlar ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar sadece kamp d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Suriyeliler de\u011fildir. Kamplarda ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n da g\u00fcnl\u00fck izinlerle \u00f6zellikle tar\u0131mda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. \u00c7ocuk ya\u015fta \u00e7ok say\u0131da Suriyeli a\u011f\u0131r ko\u015fullarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Suriyeli m\u00fclteci kad\u0131nlar\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc tar\u0131mda ve hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde istihdam edilmekteyken, bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn de \u00f6rne\u011fin \u0130zmir\u2019de eve i\u015f alarak gelir elde etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelen ka\u00e7ak m\u00fclteci i\u015f\u00e7iler; \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u00e7ocuk ya da ya\u015fl\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131nda, ev i\u015flerinde ve in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde ucuz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla istihdam edilmektedir. M\u00fclteci i\u015f\u00e7iler, ka\u00e7ak olduklar\u0131ndan hakkaniyetli \u00fccret isteme, \u00fccretle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00fccreti talebinde bulunma ve bu t\u00fcrden istekleri i\u00e7in yasal yollara ba\u015fvurma gibi olanaklardan da yoksundur. Kendilerini yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131na iten d\u00fczenlemeler nedeniyle, m\u00fclteciler, hayatlar\u0131n\u0131n her alan\u0131nda minimuma raz\u0131 olmaya zorlanmaktad\u0131r. Bu temel olumsuzluklar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7iler genel olarak sa\u011fl\u0131k ve i\u015f g\u00fcvencesinden yoksun, insan hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 ko\u015fullarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. 1 Resmi rakamlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, kay\u0131t i\u015flemi yapmayanlarla birlikte yakla\u015f\u0131k 3.200.000 Suriyeli oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00f6\u00e7menlere, yerli i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn yerine getirmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u2013\u0130ngilizce terimlerin ba\u015f harfleriyle\u2013 \u201c3-D\u201d olarak k\u0131salt\u0131lan \u201cpis\u201d (dirty), \u201ctehlikeli\u201d (dangerous) ve \u201ck\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc\u201d (demeaning) i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye, i\u015fsizli\u011fin y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu ve hemen her i\u015fi yapmak isteyenlerin bulundu\u011fu, bu nedenle i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 aras\u0131nda rekabetin y\u00fcksek ve g\u00fcvencesiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bi\u00e7imlerinin yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu bir \u00fclkedir. Bu nedenle, Suriyeliler i\u015f piyasas\u0131nda geleneksel g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 ya\u015famakla birlikte, bunu a\u015fan sonu\u00e7lar \u00fcreten durumlarla da kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u00dcRK\u0130YE \u0130\u015eG\u00dcC\u00dc P\u0130YASASINA BAKI\u015e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kas\u0131m 2016 itibar\u0131yla, T\u00fcrkiye n\u00fcfusunun 15 ve \u00fczeri ya\u015f dilimi, 59.069.000 ki\u015fiden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu say\u0131n\u0131n 30.781.000\u2019lik k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131, istihdam edilenler ve i\u015fsizler dahil olmak \u00fczere, i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc kapsam\u0131ndakiler te\u015fkil etmektedir. \u0130\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc kapsam\u0131ndaki 27.067.000 ki\u015fi istihdam edilmekteyken, 3.000.715 ki\u015finin i\u015fsiz oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Resmi i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 %12,3\u2019t\u00fcr. D\u0130SK\u2019in \u015eubat 2017 tarihli \u0130stihdam ve \u0130\u015fsizlik Raporuna g\u00f6re2 , \u201cgeni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsiz\u201d say\u0131s\u0131 ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde 6.611.000 ki\u015fiye, \u201cgeni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizlik\u201d oran\u0131 ise %20 \u2019ye y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. T\u00dc\u0130K\u2019in Kas\u0131m 2016 d\u00f6nemine ili\u015fkin verilerine g\u00f6re, kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 (herhangi bir sosyal g\u00fcvenlik kurulu\u015funa ba\u011fl\u0131 olmadan) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 %33,3\u2019t\u00fcr.3 G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de toplam istihdam\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir oran\u0131n\u0131 kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 istihdam olu\u015fturmakta ve kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 istihdam\u0131n en yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn tar\u0131m oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Tar\u0131mdan sonra kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 istihdam\u0131n en y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu alan\u0131n s\u0131ras\u0131yla in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fc ve ard\u0131ndan hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki otel ve restoranlar oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu sekt\u00f6r sanayidir. 2 T\u00dc\u0130K taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan standart \u201ci\u015fsizlik\u201d tan\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re, referans d\u00f6nemi i\u00e7inde istihdam halinde olmayan ki\u015filerden i\u015f aramak i\u00e7in son d\u00f6rt hafta i\u00e7inde i\u015f arama kanallar\u0131ndan en az birini kullanm\u0131\u015f ve iki hafta i\u00e7inde i\u015fba\u015f\u0131 yapabilecek durumda olan 15 ve daha yukar\u0131 ya\u015ftaki ki\u015filer i\u015fsiz kabul edilmektedir. \u201cGeni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizlik\u201d ise, klasik dar tan\u0131m kapsam\u0131nda yer alan i\u015fsizler yan\u0131nda, i\u015f bulma \u00fcmidini kaybeden i\u015fsizleri, i\u015f aramayan ancak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya haz\u0131r olan i\u015fsizleri, mevsimlik ve zamana ba\u011fl\u0131 eksik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 kapsayan alternatif i\u015fsizlik tan\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. 3 Kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131k oran\u0131n\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131nda \u201cyapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015ften dolay\u0131 herhangi bir sosyal g\u00fcvenlik kurulu\u015funa kay\u0131tl\u0131 olmayan\u201d ki\u015filer dikkate al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. T\u00dc\u0130K, istihdama ili\u015fkin verilerini ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131k hesaplamas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rneklem \u00fczerinden yapmaktad\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde 44.010 \u00f6rnek hane halk\u0131ndan 37.165\u2019i ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, bu hane halklar\u0131nda bulunan 15 ve daha yukar\u0131 ya\u015ftaki 94.947 ki\u015fi ile anket uygulamas\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00f6rneklemlere ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131k hesaplamalar\u0131na Suriyeliler dahil edilmemektedir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>SUR\u0130YEL\u0130 M\u00dcLTEC\u0130LER\u0130N T\u00dcRK\u0130YE \u0130\u015eG\u00dcC\u00dc P\u0130YASASINA ETK\u0130LER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kas\u0131m 2016 Kas\u0131m 2016 itibar\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131nda istihdam edilenlerin %68\u2019ini olu\u015fturan 18.423.000 ki\u015fi \u00fccretli ve yevmiyeli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlard\u0131r. \u0130stihdam edilenler i\u00e7inde i\u015fverenler, %4\u2019l\u00fck oranla 1.198.000 ki\u015fiyken, kendi hesab\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar %17\u2019lik oranla 4.561.000 ki\u015fidir. \u00dccretsiz aile i\u015f\u00e7ileri ise %11\u2019lik oranla 2.884.000 ki\u015fiden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Kas\u0131m 2016 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda tar\u0131m\u0131n istihdam i\u00e7indeki pay\u0131 %23,3 iken bu oran Kas\u0131m 2016 itibar\u0131yla %18,7\u2019ye d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Sanayinin istihdam i\u00e7indeki pay\u0131 da tar\u0131m d\u00fczeyinde olmasa da d\u00fc\u015fme e\u011filimindedir ve ilgili oran 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda %20,8 iken, 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda %19,6 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer yandan hizmetler sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn istihdam i\u00e7indeki pay\u0131 s\u00fcrekli artma e\u011filimindedir. Hizmetler sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n istihdam i\u00e7indeki pay\u0131 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda %49,7 iken, bu oran Kas\u0131m 2016 itibar\u0131yla %54,2\u2019ye y\u00fckselmektedir. \u0130stihdam i\u00e7indeki pay\u0131 artan di\u011fer bir sekt\u00f6r, hizmetler d\u00fczeyinde olmasa da in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn toplam istihdamdaki pay\u0131, 2011 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki %7,2 oran\u0131ndan Kas\u0131m 2016 itibar\u0131yla %7,4\u2019e y\u00fckselmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>SUR\u0130YEL\u0130 M\u00dcLTEC\u0130LERE \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130N BAZI VER\u0130LER<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ya\u015f da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 15-65 ya\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 1.834.000 Suriyeli m\u00fclteci oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu kesimin t\u00fcm\u00fcne yak\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Suriyelilerin %63\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ihtiyac\u0131 i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ancak ka\u00e7 ki\u015finin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda kesin bilgi edinme olana\u011f\u0131 bulunmamakla birlikte, yakla\u015f\u0131k 600.000 ki\u015finin kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bi\u00e7imde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin ediyoruz.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>AFAD taraf\u0131ndan 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan Suriye\u2019den T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye N\u00fcfus Hareketleri:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Karde\u015f Topraklar\u0131ndaki Misafirlik ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 raporda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Suriyelilerin e\u011fitim ve mesleki durumlar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde yer almaktad\u0131r. \u00a0\u0130\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc, bir \u00fclkede belirli bir d\u00f6nem i\u00e7erisinde 15-65 ya\u015f aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilir n\u00fcfustan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak istemeyenler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fckten sonra kalan n\u00fcfustur. Di\u011fer bir anlat\u0131mla, istihdam edilenler ile i\u015fsizlerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu t\u00fcm n\u00fcfus i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ifade eder.<\/p>\n<p>E\u011fitim durumu E\u011fitim durumu (6 ya\u015f ve \u00fczeri) % Okuryazar de\u011fil \u2013 15,4 Okuryazar \u2013 7,4 \u0130lkokul \u2013 34,8 Ortaokul \u2013 22,1 Lise \u2013 11,5 \u00dcniversite ve \u00fczeri 8,7 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Suriyelilerin %34,8\u2019i ilkokul mezunudur. \u00dcniversite ve \u00fczeri e\u011fitimi olanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 sadece %8,7\u2019dir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, kamp d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Suriyelilerin yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n mesle\u011finin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ankete kat\u0131lanlardan, erkeklerin yakla\u015f\u0131k %80\u2019i belirli bir mesle\u011fi oldu\u011funu belirtirken, kad\u0131nlarda bu oran %10\u2019u biraz a\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun mesle\u011fi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n %50\u2019si, sava\u015f \u00f6ncesindeki Suriye\u2019de ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 \u201cev han\u0131m\u0131\u201d olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcklerini beyan etmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n mesleki de\u011ferlendirmesindeki en y\u00fcksek grubu %3 ile \u00f6\u011fretmenlik olu\u015fturmakta; terzi, kuaf\u00f6r, \u00e7ift\u00e7i ve hem\u015fire gruplar\u0131ndaki kad\u0131nlar\u0131n oran\u0131 %1\u2019in alt\u0131nda kalmaktad\u0131r. Suriyelilerin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitim d\u00fczeyinin olduk\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu ve e\u011fitim d\u00fczeyine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak mesleklerinin de olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak niteliksiz bir i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fumuz ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>AFAD (2014b) taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, i\u015f arama durumlar\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kampta kalanlar\u0131n %51,9\u2019unun ve kamp d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndakilerin de %77\u2019sinin i\u015f arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Beklenece\u011fi \u00fczere, e\u011fitim seviyesi artt\u0131k\u00e7a i\u015f bulma olana\u011f\u0131 da artmaktad\u0131r. Mesleki e\u011fitimlerinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla, bakanl\u0131klar taraf\u0131ndan 2016 y\u0131l\u0131 ortalar\u0131na kadar 4.200 kurs a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bu kurslarda 131.000 Suriyeli e\u011fitim alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 40.000 Suriyelinin mesleki e\u011fitim kursu ise devam etmektedir<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DEK\u0130 SUR\u0130YEL\u0130 M\u00dcLTEC\u0130LER\u0130N \u0130ST\u0130HDAMININ HUKUK\u00ce BOYUTU<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye, 1951 tarihli M\u00fcltecilerin Hukuk\u00ee Durumuna Dair Cenevre S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019ni imzalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak bu s\u00f6zle\u015fme, \u201cco\u011frafi s\u0131n\u0131rlama\u201d \u00e7ekincesi ile kabul edildi\u011finden, Avrupa d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan gelenlere \u201cm\u00fclteci stat\u00fcs\u00fc\u201d tan\u0131nmamaktad\u0131r. Bununla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak, Nisan 2011\u2019den itibaren \u00fclkeye gelen Suriyelilere T\u00fcrkiye taraf\u0131ndan uluslararas\u0131 hukukta hi\u00e7bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmayan \u201cmisafir stat\u00fcs\u00fc\u201d verilmi\u015f, Nisan 2012\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan bir genelgeyle bu ki\u015filerin \u201cge\u00e7ici koruma\u201d alt\u0131nda olduklar\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Ekim 2014 tarihli Ge\u00e7ici Koruma Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi, \u201cge\u00e7ici koruman\u0131n uygulama kapsam\u0131na, \u201c\u00fclkesinden ayr\u0131lmaya zorlanm\u0131\u015f, ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkeye geri d\u00f6nemeyen, acil ve ge\u00e7ici koruma bulmak amac\u0131yla kitlesel veya bu kitlesel ak\u0131n d\u00f6neminde bireysel olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131m\u0131za gelen veya s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ge\u00e7en yabanc\u0131lardan haklar\u0131nda bireysel olarak uluslararas\u0131 koruma stat\u00fcs\u00fc belirleme i\u015flemi yap\u0131lamayan yabanc\u0131la\u0131n girdi\u011fini ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Ge\u00e7ici koruma kapsam\u0131ndaki Suriyelilerin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ilk giri\u015flerin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 2011 y\u0131l\u0131 Nisan ay\u0131ndan Ocak 2016\u2019ya kadar yasal olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir ve bu d\u00f6neme kadar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Ge\u00e7ici koruma kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye pasaportlu ve resmi yollarla giri\u015f yapan Suriyelilerin ikamet ve ard\u0131ndan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni almas\u0131 konusunda kolayl\u0131klar sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f ve bu ki\u015filerin, Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u0130zinleri Hakk\u0131ndaki Kanun kapsam\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na olanak sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, ge\u00e7ici koruma kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 80.000 Suriyelinin oldu\u011fu belirtilmektedir. Bu ki\u015filer T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bulunan Suriyelilerin ancak %2,7\u2019sini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Pasaportsuz ya da yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 yollardan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye giri\u015f yapan ve ge\u00e7ici koruma stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde bulunan Suriyeliler, 4817 say\u0131l\u0131 Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u0130zinleri Hakk\u0131ndaki Kanun\u2019dan yararlanamamaktad\u0131rlar. 6458 say\u0131l\u0131 Yabanc\u0131lar ve Uluslararas\u0131 Koruma Kanunu, 11 Nisan 2013 tarihli Resmi Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f ve bu kanunun 91\u2019inci maddesi ile \u201cge\u00e7ici koruma\u201d tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ge\u00e7ici koruma kapsam\u0131ndaki ki\u015filerin hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinin ise Bakanlar Kurulu taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak y\u00f6netmelikle d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Nitekim bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, 22 Ekim 2014 tarihli Resmi Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan Ge\u00e7ici Koruma Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi ile ge\u00e7ici koruma stat\u00fcs\u00fcnden yararlanan \u201cyabanc\u0131lara sa\u011fl\u0131k, e\u011fitim, i\u015f piyasas\u0131na eri\u015fim, sosyal yard\u0131m ve hizmetler ile terc\u00fcmanl\u0131k ve benzeri hizmetlerin sa\u011flanabilece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Ge\u00e7ici Koruma Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi\u2019nin, \u201c\u0130\u015f piyasas\u0131na eri\u015fim hizmetleri\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 29. Maddesine g\u00f6re, \u201cGe\u00e7ici korunanlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar, Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc al\u0131narak \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n teklifi \u00fczerine Bakanlar Kurulunca belirlenir\u201d. Bakanlar Kurulunca, Suriyeli m\u00fcltecilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na dair usul ve esaslar\u0131 belirleyen Ge\u00e7ici Koruma Sa\u011flanan Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u0130zinlerine Dair Y\u00f6netmelik, 15 Ocak 2016 tarihli Resm\u00ee Gazete \u2019de yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de mevzuat uyar\u0131nca hangi stat\u00fcde olursa olsun yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n baz\u0131 meslek ve g\u00f6revleri yapmalar\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki yabanc\u0131lar di\u015f hekimli\u011fi, hastabak\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, ebelik, eczac\u0131l\u0131k, veterinerlik, \u00f6zel hastanelerde sorumlu m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fck, avukatl\u0131k, noterlik, \u00f6zel ya da kamu kurulu\u015flar\u0131nda g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlisi, kara sular\u0131 d\u00e2hilinde dalg\u0131\u00e7l\u0131k, kaptanl\u0131k, k\u0131lavuzluk ve sair meslekler ve g\u00fcmr\u00fck m\u00fc\u015favirli\u011fi gibi i\u015f ve meslekleri yapamamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Suriyelilere \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131 tan\u0131yan Ge\u00e7ici Koruma Sa\u011flanan Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u0130zinlerine Dair Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fe g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni ve istihdam kotas\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma izni:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Yabanc\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7ici koruma kapsam\u0131nda oldu\u011funu belirten ge\u00e7ici koruma kimlik belgesinin\/yabanc\u0131 tan\u0131tma belgesinin ve yabanc\u0131 kimlik numaras\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 gereklidir.<\/li>\n<li>Ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131lar, ge\u00e7ici koruma kay\u0131t tarihinden alt\u0131 ay sonra \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni almak i\u00e7in ba\u015fvuruda bulunabilir.<\/li>\n<li>Ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131lara her seferinde en fazla 1 (bir) y\u0131l s\u00fcreli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni verilecektir.<\/li>\n<li>Ba\u015fvuru, yabanc\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131racak i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan e-Devlet \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Mevsimlik tar\u0131m veya hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k i\u015flerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak olan ve ge\u00e7ici koruma kapsam\u0131nda bulunanlar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izninden muaft\u0131rlar. Mevsimlik tar\u0131m veya hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k i\u015flerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015facaklar il valili\u011fine ba\u015fvuru yapacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a, mevsimlik tar\u0131m veya hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k i\u015flerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131lara il ve kota s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 getirilebilecektir.<\/li>\n<li>Bakanl\u0131\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izin ba\u015fvurusu i\u00e7in; sa\u011fl\u0131k meslek mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, e\u011fitim meslek mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n ise Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan veya Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Kurulu Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6n izin almalar\u0131 gerekir.<\/li>\n<li>Ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131lara yasal olarak belirlenen asgari \u00fccretin alt\u0131nda bir \u00f6deme yap\u0131lamaz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0130stihdam kotas\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flananlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 i\u015fyerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n % 10\u2019unu ge\u00e7emez.<\/li>\n<li>Toplam \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan say\u0131s\u0131 10\u2019dan az olan i\u015fyerlerinde, en fazla bir ge\u00e7ici koruma sa\u011flanan yabanc\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na izin verilebilir.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma izni ba\u015fvurusu tarihinden \u00f6nceki d\u00f6rt haftal\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yabanc\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 i\u015fi yapacak ayn\u0131 nitelikte T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 bulunamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belgelendirilmesi halinde istihdam kotas\u0131 uygulanmayabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u0130zni Sonras\u0131 Sorunlar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Yayg\u0131n i\u015fsizlik nedeniyle, i\u015f i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurularda \u00f6ncelik yerli i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne verilmektedir. Suriyeli m\u00fcltecilerin i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u011fitiminden nas\u0131l ge\u00e7ece\u011fi belirsizli\u011fini korumaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, bu e\u011fitimler sadece T\u00fcrk\u00e7e olarak verilmektedir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma izinlerinin al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u015fverenlerin belirli bir tutarda \u00f6deme yapmalar\u0131 gerekmektedir. \u00d6zel bir durum olmad\u0131k\u00e7a i\u015fverenler bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerine getirmek istememekte, b\u00f6ylece Suriyelilerin istihdam\u0131 zorla\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u201cTehlikeli ve \u00e7ok tehlikeli\u201d i\u015flerde Mesleki Yeterlilik Belgesine sahip olmayan ki\u015filer 31 Aral\u0131k 2016 tarihinden itibaren \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamamaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bilmenin \u00f6n ko\u015ful olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, Suriyelilerin bu belgeyi almas\u0131 olduk\u00e7a zor olacakt\u0131r. ILO T\u00fcrkiye Ofisi taraf\u0131ndan 13 Haziran 2016 tarihinde d\u00fczenlenen Suriyeli \u0130\u015f\u00e7i, \u0130\u015fveren ve Giri\u015fimcilerin \u0130\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc Piyasas\u0131nda Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 Sorunlar ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00d6nerileri \u00c7al\u0131\u015ftay\u0131nda \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan sorunlar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle tespit edilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n<p>Kamuda gerekli d\u00fczenlemenin yap\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bankalar\u0131n Suriyeliler ad\u0131na hesap a\u00e7mada sorun \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131, \u00fccretlerin bankaya yatmas\u0131na engel olmaktad\u0131r. \u0130lk aylarda ya\u015fanan bu sorunun \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00fccret \u00f6demeleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n banka hesaplar\u0131na yap\u0131labilmekte, yasal olarak elden \u00f6deme yap\u0131lamamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Suriyelilerin diplomalar\u0131n\u0131n denklik sorununun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmemesi, nitelikli i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn mesle\u011fine uygun i\u015f bulmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki engeller aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Yasal olarak d\u00fczenleme alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u00e7e\u015fitli konularla ilgili uygulamada ya\u015fanan farkl\u0131l\u0131klar ve\/veya keyfi uygulamalar nedeniyle ma\u011fduriyetler olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Tek tip uygulama i\u00e7in kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n bilgilendirilmesi, ma\u011fduriyetleri giderici tedbirlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131, e\u015fit i\u015fe e\u015fit \u00fccret ilkesinin garanti alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 \u00f6nleyici tedbirler al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve kay\u0131tl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Suriyeli i\u015f\u00e7ilerin sendikalara \u00fcye olmas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>E\u011fitim seviyelerinin ve mesleki becerilerinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak Suriyelilere y\u00f6nelik mesleki e\u011fitimler yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011finin engellenmesi ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n okula g\u00f6nderilmeye te\u015fvik edilmesi gerekmektedir. Sadece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izninin verilmesi Suriyelilerin istihdam\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterli de\u011fildir. \u0130stihdam\u0131n devlet taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6zendirilmesi ve baz\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerin devlet taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 ile \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda, i\u015fverenler i\u00e7in vergi indirimi yap\u0131lmal\u0131, SGK primlerinin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc kamu taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcstlenilmelidir. Kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmayan firmalar aras\u0131nda haks\u0131z rekabet ya\u015fanmas\u0131 ve i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131n\u0131n uzun vadede bozulmas\u0131 riskinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 da kayg\u0131ya neden olmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Durumu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yabanc\u0131lara \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni verilmesi hakk\u0131ndaki kanun, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni verilmesini bir dizi ko\u015fula ba\u011flamaktad\u0131r ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni almak olduk\u00e7a zordur. \u0130\u015fsizli\u011fin kronikle\u015fmesi ve neredeyse her i\u015fi yapacak i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn bulunmas\u0131, korumac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 beraberinde getirmekte ve bu nedenle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni al\u0131nmas\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Kay\u0131tl\u0131 istihdam\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir maliyet avantaj\u0131 getirmemesi, Suriyeliler aras\u0131nda nitelikli i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn az olmas\u0131, kay\u0131tl\u0131 bir Suriyelinin istihdam maliyeti kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yerli i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn istihdam edilebilecek olmas\u0131 gibi etmenlerin Suriyelilerin kay\u0131tl\u0131 istihdam\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ge\u00e7ici \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni verilenlerin %33\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn sanayide, %19\u2019unun hizmetler sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde, %4\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde ve %44\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn de di\u011fer sekt\u00f6rlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Suriyelilerin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 tar\u0131mda kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n devam etti\u011fi, in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde az say\u0131da ki\u015finin kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Kay\u0131t D\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmaya Etkileri \u0130fade edildi\u011fi gibi i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 1.645.000 Suriyeli bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu ki\u015filerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ihtiyac\u0131 i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ihtiyac\u0131 i\u00e7indeki Suriyelilerin ne kadar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 verilerden yoksun olunmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, yakla\u015f\u0131k 600.000 ki\u015finin kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bi\u00e7imde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin tahmini yinelemek gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00dc\u0130K\u2019in Kas\u0131m 2016 d\u00f6nemi \u0130\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc \u0130statistikleri verisine g\u00f6re, herhangi bir sosyal g\u00fcvenlik kurulu\u015funa ba\u011fl\u0131 olmadan (kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n oran\u0131, %33,3 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131k oran\u0131n\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131 anket uygulamas\u0131 ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmektedir. Bu \u00f6rneklemeye Suriyeliler dahil edilmemektedir. Bu nedenle, Suriyelilerin kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011fa etkisinin tam olarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. 2016 Kas\u0131m d\u00f6nemi itibar\u0131yla kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bi\u00e7imde istihdam edilen 9.018.000 ki\u015fiye, yakla\u015f\u0131k 600.000 Suriyeliyi ekledi\u011fimizde kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 istihdam edilenlerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 9.618.000\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131k oran\u0131n\u0131n %33,3\u2019ten %35,5\u2019e y\u00fckseldi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir.<\/p>\n<p>Toplam istihdam i\u00e7inde \u00fccretli veya yevmiyeli olarak kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bi\u00e7imde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan 3.394.000 ki\u015fi s\u00f6z konusudur. Kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilen 600.000 Suriyeliyi ekledi\u011fimizde \u00fccretli veya yevmiyeli olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan say\u0131s\u0131 3.994.000\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Bu durumda \u00fccretli veya yevmiyeli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlarda kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131k oran\u0131 %18,4\u2019ten %21,7\u2019ye \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Suriyelilerin istihdama dahil edilmesi ile \u00fccretli veya yevmiyeli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlarda kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131k %18 oran\u0131nda artmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eanl\u0131urfa\u2019da Harran \u00dcniversitesi ve Karacada\u011f Kalk\u0131nma Ajans\u0131 i\u015f birli\u011finde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen ILO ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclen i\u015fyerlerinin %27\u2019sinde Suriyeli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. T\u0130SK taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlat\u0131lan bir raporun de\u011ferlendirmesine g\u00f6re, \u201cKay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n taraflar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, her iki taraf\u0131 da ma\u011fdur eden bu durum, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve kurumsalla\u015fmam\u0131\u015f i\u015fletmeler ile daha kurumsal i\u015fletmeler aras\u0131nda haks\u0131z rekabet yaratmaktad\u0131r\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u015fsizli\u011fe Etkileri Ucuz ve yerli i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc ile ikame edilebilirli\u011fi nedeniyle Suriyelilerin istihdam\u0131, yerli i\u015f\u00e7ilerle rekabeti art\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum yerli i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn Suriyeli i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 her il ve sekt\u00f6rde ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r. Rekabet, yerli i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n da a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya \u00e7ekilmesine yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Suriyeli n\u00fcfusun yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu yerlerde artan i\u015fsizlik oranlar\u0131, toplumda Suriyelilerin yerli n\u00fcfusun i\u015fini elinden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik alg\u0131lar olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Nitekim 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir ankete g\u00f6re T\u00fcrk halk\u0131n\u0131n \u201cSuriyeliler i\u015flerimizi elimizden almaktad\u0131r\u201d \u00f6nermesine deste\u011fi %56,1 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Adana, Gaziantep, Hatay, Mardin, \u015eanl\u0131urfa illerinde ise bu \u00f6nermeye destek verenlerin oran\u0131 %68,9 olmu\u015ftur<\/p>\n<p>Suriyelilerin istihdam piyasas\u0131na girmesi bir yandan i\u015fsizli\u011fin artmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7arken, \u00f6te yandan artan i\u015fsizli\u011fin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehdit, yerli i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fccretler ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru \u00e7ekilmesine neden olmaktad\u0131r. S\u0131n\u0131f i\u00e7i rekabet, hangi milliyetten olursa olsun t\u00fcm i\u015f\u00e7iler i\u00e7in genellikle haklar\u0131n geriye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclmesi sonucunu do\u011furmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, \u201ci\u015flerinin ellerinden al\u0131n\u0131yor oldu\u011fu\u201d duygusunun olu\u015fmas\u0131 yerli i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcnde \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi k\u00f6r\u00fcklemekte, bunun sonucunda Suriyelilerle \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma riski de artmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Suriyelilere y\u00f6nelik giderek artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 izlenen \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131larda, ba\u015fka fakt\u00f6rlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra i\u015fsizlik de \u00f6nemli rol oynamaktad\u0131r. Suriyeliler i\u015f piyasas\u0131na daha fazla girdik\u00e7e, s\u0131radan gerek\u00e7elerle sald\u0131r\u0131 ve lin\u00e7 giri\u015fimlerinin de daha fazla artmas\u0131 olas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n Suriyeli \u0130stihdam\u0131na Bak\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiyeli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Suriyelilerin istihdam\u0131na s\u0131cak bakmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. B\u00f6yle bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, Suriyelileri, i\u015fini elinden alma potansiyeli ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131, daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya raz\u0131 olmas\u0131 gibi fakt\u00f6rler nedeniyle, kendi gelece\u011fi i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tehdit olarak g\u00f6rmektedir. Bu g\u00f6zlemimizi \u00e7e\u015fitli ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar da do\u011frulamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>ILO T\u00fcrkiye Ofisi i\u00e7in \u015eanl\u0131urfa\u2019da yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7 gibi \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Suriyelilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 istemedi\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. ILO ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrkiyeli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar, Suriyelilerin i\u015fyerlerindeki verimlili\u011fi olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkiledi\u011fi, dil bilmeme ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle i\u015fyerlerinde ileti\u015fim ve sosyal uyum sorunu ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma disiplinini bozdu\u011fu ve g\u00fcvenlik konusunda zafiyet yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f belirtmektedirler.<\/p>\n<p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ba\u011flam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir ankete kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n %90\u2019a yak\u0131n\u0131, Suriyeli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 istihdam\u0131 artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve T\u00fcrklerin i\u015fsiz kalmas\u0131na neden oldu\u011funu, Suriyeli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlardan dolay\u0131 T\u00fcrklerin gelir d\u00fczeyinin d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ifade etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Suriyeliler Hangi Sekt\u00f6rlerde \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Suriyeliler genellikle vas\u0131fs\u0131z i\u015flere y\u00f6nelmekte ve mevsimlik i\u015fler olan tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, in\u015faat, tekstil ve hizmet sekt\u00f6rlerinde daha yo\u011fun olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u0130n\u015faat ve tar\u0131m gibi alanlara y\u00f6nelinmesinde, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye daha az gereksinim duyulmas\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ileti\u015fim gere\u011finin ba\u015fka yollarla kar\u015f\u0131lanabilmesinin \u00f6n planda oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, e\u011fitim seviyelerinin genel olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile birlikte, e\u011fitim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olanlar\u0131n da durumlar\u0131n\u0131 diploma vb. arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile kan\u0131tlamakta kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 zorluklara a\u011f\u0131r ge\u00e7im sorunlar\u0131 e\u015flik etmekte ve b\u00f6ylece Suriyeliler, zor ko\u015fullarda ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretlerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya raz\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ihtiyac\u0131 duyanlar ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar sadece kamp d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Suriyeliler de\u011fildir. Kamplarda ya\u015fayanlar da ald\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck izinlerle \u00f6zellikle tar\u0131mda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7ocuk ya\u015fta \u00e7ok say\u0131da Suriyeli a\u011f\u0131r ko\u015fullarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n yayg\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 tar\u0131mda ve hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde istihdam olanaklar\u0131 bulmakta, bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn de eve i\u015f alarak gelir elde etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zlenmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Tar\u0131mda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alanlar\u0131, ya\u015fan\u0131lan ildeki tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimin \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fmekte, tek bir alanda de\u011fil farkl\u0131 alanlarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Tar\u0131msal \u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma takvimine uyularak, bir kentteki \u00fcr\u00fcnde i\u015fin bitmesiyle ba\u015fka bir kente ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00f6z konusu olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tekstilde Durum<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Suriyelilerin yo\u011fun olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerden biri de tekstildir. Sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn neredeyse t\u00fcm kentlere yay\u0131lmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak Suriyelilerin de yakla\u015f\u0131k ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletmelerde istihdam olana\u011f\u0131 bulan Suriyelilerin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kesiminin b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fletmeler ve ba\u011fl\u0131 birimlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yayg\u0131n olarak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletmelerde ba\u015fvurulan kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma \u00f6rneklerine b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fletmelerde de rastlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130n\u015faat Sekt\u00f6r\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Suriyeliler, e\u011fitim d\u00fczeylerinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak niteliksiz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan i\u015f bulman\u0131n kolay olmas\u0131 nedeniyle ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 hemen t\u00fcm illerde in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde yayg\u0131n olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar. Suriyelilerin, yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 baz\u0131 kentlerde bu sekt\u00f6re i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc sa\u011flaman\u0131n bir yolu olarak ayr\u0131 \u201camele pazarlar\u0131\u201d olu\u015fturdu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Yerlilerden daha ucuza \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak i\u015f\u00e7i arayanlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu pazarlar \u00f6nemli bir i\u015flev g\u00f6rmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Antakya\u2019da kent d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ayr\u0131 bir yerde Suriyeli amele pazar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Antakya\u2019da Suriyeli in\u015faat i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin amele pazar\u0131. Benzer bir durumu \u0130zmir\u2019de, Suriyelilerin yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 semtlerden Limontepe\u2019de de g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130n\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de gerek kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma gerekse de ta\u015feronla\u015fmada ilk s\u0131ray\u0131 almaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zel sekt\u00f6rde ta\u015feronla\u015fma verilerine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda %80 oran\u0131 ile ilk s\u0131ray\u0131 in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 2017 y\u0131l\u0131 ocak ay\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde 1.556.403 ki\u015fi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Sendikal\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131, %3,1 oran\u0131 ile 48.267\u2019dir. Sendikal\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin t\u00fcm\u00fcne yak\u0131n\u0131 kamu i\u015fyerlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r ve \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde sendikal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme neredeyse yoktur. \u0130n\u015faat i\u015fkolu, \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r bak\u0131m\u0131ndan t\u00fcm\u00fcyle denetimsiz, sendikas\u0131z ve kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir aland\u0131r. Sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn bu durumu, vas\u0131fs\u0131z i\u015f\u00e7ilik \u00f6zellikleriyle Suriyelilerin bu i\u015fkolunda yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131na elveri\u015fli bir zemin olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Ta\u015feron ili\u015fkileri \u00fczerinden \u015fekillenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn temel \u00f6zelliklerindendir. \u0130\u015f cinayetlerinde ilk s\u0131ray\u0131 almas\u0131 ve yaralanma ile sonu\u00e7lanan i\u015f kazalar\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. 4.7. Suriyeli \u00c7ocuk \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler \u00c7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi, belirli ya\u015f gruplar\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek zararl\u0131 ko\u015fullar nedeniyle \u201cyasak i\u015f\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanan i\u015flerdendir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019na g\u00f6re 15 ya\u015f\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yasakt\u0131r. Tehlikeli i\u015fler i\u00e7in asgari \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ya\u015f\u0131 ise 18\u203adir. Suriye\u2019den T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelen \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc k\u0131rsalda tarla ve bah\u00e7elerde, kentlerde ise at\u00f6lye ve sokakta \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma alanlar\u0131 tekstil, hizmetler, in\u015faat ile mevsimlik tar\u0131m i\u015fleri ve \u00e7obanl\u0131k olarak belirtilebilir. \u00c7ocuklar bu i\u015flerde bazen aile bireyleri ile birlikte, bazen de tek ba\u015flar\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak durumunda kalmaktad\u0131rlar. T\u00fcrkiye, d\u00fcnyada en fazla \u00e7ocuk m\u00fclteci bar\u0131nd\u0131ran \u00fclke 12 konumundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fayan kay\u0131tl\u0131 Suriyelilerden %45,5\u2019i 18 ya\u015f\u0131n alt\u0131ndad\u0131r ve bu kapsamda 1.323.989 Suriyeli bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu ya hi\u00e7 e\u011fitim almamakta ya da \u00e7ok yetersiz d\u00fczeyde bir e\u011fitim alabilmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Suriyeli m\u00fcltecilerin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 zorluklardan en \u00e7ok etkilenenler \u00e7ocuklard\u0131r. \u0130yi beslenememekte, anne-babalar\u0131n\u0131n artan psikolojik rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131na maruz kalmakta, hastaland\u0131klar\u0131nda uygun tedavi g\u00f6rememekte, kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya itilmekte, cinsel istismara u\u011framakta, e\u011fitim hakk\u0131ndan faydalanamamaktad\u0131rlar. Suriyeli M\u00fcltecilerle Dayan\u0131\u015fma Derne\u011fi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Muhammed Salih Ali\u2019nin de\u011ferlendirmesi \u015f\u00f6yledir: \u201cEn k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc e\u011fitim. Bir nesil cahil kald\u0131, \u00e7ocuklar okulsuz kald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130nsanlar\u0131m\u0131za tavsiyemiz;<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e7ocuklar en az\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00f6\u011frensinler ve toplumla kayna\u015fs\u0131nlar.\u201d E\u011fitim hakk\u0131ndan mahrumiyete aile b\u00fct\u00e7esine katk\u0131da bulunma ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n e\u015flik etmesi \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya y\u00f6neltilmesine yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>E\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131na ula\u015fabilecek daha az say\u0131da \u00e7ocu\u011fun da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma zorunlulu\u011fu i\u00e7inde olmas\u0131, bu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n okula y\u00f6nlendirilmesini engelleyen bir etmendir. Bu durum bir d\u00f6ng\u00fcye neden olmakta ve e\u011fitimsiz kalan Suriyeli \u00e7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7ilere, mesleki e\u011fitim ve beceriden yoksun olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in yeti\u015fkinliklerinde de g\u00fcvencesiz ve riskli i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktan ba\u015fka bir se\u00e7enek kalmamaktad\u0131r. UNICEF\u2019in Ekim 2016 tarihli verilerine g\u00f6re, okul \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda olan Suriyeli \u00e7ocuk say\u0131s\u0131 860.000, okula kay\u0131tl\u0131 Suriyeli \u00e7ocuk say\u0131s\u0131 ise 490.000\u2019dir. Okul d\u0131\u015f\u0131 Suriyeli \u00e7ocuk say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ise 370.000 oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir. Resmi say\u0131lar farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermektedir. D\u00f6nemin Milli E\u011fitim Bakan\u0131 Nabi Avc\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, 2016 y\u0131l\u0131 Nisan ay\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamaya g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrkiye genelinde kay\u0131tl\u0131 okul \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki Suriyeli \u00e7ocuk say\u0131s\u0131 756.808\u2019dir. Bakan, \u201cMilli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 okullarda yakla\u015f\u0131k 75 bin, ge\u00e7ici e\u011fitim merkezlerinde yakla\u015f\u0131k 250 bin, toplam 325 bin Suriyeli \u00e7ocu\u011fun okulla\u015fmas\u0131 sa\u011fland\u0131\u201d demekteydi.<\/p>\n<p>Suriye\u2019deki sava\u015f\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ma\u011fduru olan m\u00fclteci \u00e7ocuklar, e\u011fitim hakk\u0131ndan mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131lmalar\u0131na ek olarak ailelerinin ya\u015fam m\u00fccadelesine ortak oluyor. Aile bireylerinden yeti\u015fkinlerin i\u015f bulamamas\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fsalar bile ula\u015fabildikleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gelir d\u00fczeyi, aile b\u00fcy\u00fcklerinin elde ettikleri gelirle ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya zorlamaktad\u0131r. \u00c7ocuk i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zla yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerin kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n en y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu sekt\u00f6rler oldu\u011fu vurgulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Suriyeli \u00e7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7iler, trikotaj at\u00f6lyelerinde, tekstil fabrikalar\u0131nda, kuru meyve fabrikalar\u0131nda, ayakkab\u0131 imalat at\u00f6lyelerinde ve araba tamirhanelerinde, tar\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011finde, sokaklarda k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t mendil, su sat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Suriyeli Kad\u0131nlar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc istismar\u0131n\u0131n yollar\u0131ndan biri de ucuz g\u00f6\u00e7men kad\u0131n eme\u011fidir. Kad\u0131nlar, tar\u0131m ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, evde bak\u0131m ve di\u011fer hizmet sekt\u00f6rlerinde yayg\u0131n olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcm di\u011fer g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7iler gibi Suriyeli kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ilerde, s\u0131k s\u0131k cinsel taciz ve istismara maruz kalmaktad\u0131r ve \u00e7o\u011fu zaman tahamm\u00fcl ederek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak durumundad\u0131r. Suriyelilerin genel olarak e\u011fitim d\u00fczeylerinin ve mesleki vas\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n yetersiz oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftik.<\/p>\n<p>Bu genel durum kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in \u00e7ok daha fazla ge\u00e7erlidir. AFAD\u2019\u0131n 2014 tarihli T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Suriyeli Kad\u0131nlar Raporuna g\u00f6re, okuryazar olmayanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 %21 seviyesindedir. Sadece okuryazar oldu\u011funu belirtenler %8, ilkokul mezunu olanlar %35, ortaokul mezunlar\u0131 %20, lise mezunu olanlar %10 ve \u00fcniversite veya daha y\u00fcksek bir e\u011fitim seviyesine sahip olanlar ise %6 oran\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Mesle\u011fi olan kad\u0131nlar yaln\u0131zca %10\u2019luk bir kesimi olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bu kad\u0131nlar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131 Suriye\u2019de devlet memuru olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 beyan etmi\u015ftir. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n meslek de\u011ferlendirmesindeki en y\u00fcksek grup %3 ile \u00f6\u011fretmenliktir. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda terzi, kuaf\u00f6r, \u00e7ift\u00e7i ve hem\u015fire gruplar\u0131ndaki kad\u0131nlar\u0131n oran\u0131 %1\u2019in alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n %50\u2019sinin ise sava\u015f \u00f6ncesindeki Suriye\u2019de \u201cev han\u0131m\u0131\u201d olarak ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ifade etti\u011fi yukar\u0131da aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kad\u0131nlar i\u015f ya\u015fam\u0131nda mesleki yetersizlik ve vas\u0131fs\u0131zl\u0131k nedeniyle erkek i\u015f\u00e7ilerden daha fazla emek-yo\u011fun ve vas\u0131fs\u0131z i\u015fleri yapmak zorunda kalmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Sadece ev d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda de\u011fil, eve i\u015f alma sistemiyle de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131nlar oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u0130zmir\u2019de evlerinde par\u00e7a ba\u015f\u0131 diki\u015f i\u015fleri yaparak gelir elde etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131nlar vard\u0131r. Evde i\u015f yapan bir kad\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Suriyeliler Kendi \u0130\u015fyerlerini A\u00e7\u0131yor<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Suriyelilerin istihdam\u0131n\u0131n bir ba\u015fka bi\u00e7imi, kendi i\u015fyerlerini a\u00e7mas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle yo\u011fun ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 illerde giderek artan say\u0131da Suriyelinin kendi i\u015fyerini a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zlenmektedir. A\u00e7\u0131lan i\u015fyerleri a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak Suriyelilerin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamakta ve bu i\u015fyerlerinde istihdam edilenler de Suriyeliler olmaktad\u0131r. Bu i\u015fyerleri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletme, bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck esnaf olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan yerlerdir. G\u0131da ve baz\u0131 ihtiya\u00e7 maddelerinin sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bakkal, lokanta, f\u0131r\u0131n, kahvehane gibi i\u015f yerleri ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, yine k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekte giysi satan ma\u011fazalar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u0130\u015fyeri a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in gerekli belgelerin tamamlanmas\u0131, izinlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131 bir dizi prosed\u00fcr\u00fc gerektirdi\u011finden kamu makamlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lan i\u015fyerlerine kolayl\u0131k g\u00f6stermekte, bazen hi\u00e7 belge istemeyebilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Hatay ilinin Reyhanl\u0131 il\u00e7esinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, il\u00e7edeki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fyerlerinden neredeyse yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n Suriyeliler taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fletildi\u011fi ve b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn de herhangi bir resmi kayd\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u015fyerlerini \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ranlarla yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede, belediye ve vergi dairelerinden yetkililerin bu duruma g\u00f6z yumduklar\u0131, toleransl\u0131 davrand\u0131klar\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. \u015eanl\u0131urfa\u2019da yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, ankete yan\u0131t verenlerin %70\u2019i taraf\u0131ndan, i\u015fverenlerin ve yetkili birimlerin kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 bilgisine sahip olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen herhangi bir i\u015flem yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Benzer bir durum, yap\u0131lan ba\u015fka ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda da g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Suriye\u2019den gelenlerin i\u015f kurma taleplerindeki art\u0131\u015f sonras\u0131nda ba\u015fta T\u00fcrkiyelilerden istenen belgelerin Suriyelilerden de al\u0131nmas\u0131 yoluna gidilmi\u015f, ancak b\u00fcy\u00fck zorluklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131larak konunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede aciliyet kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bundan dolay\u0131, yerel idari makamlar\u0131n sorunu nas\u0131l \u00e7\u00f6zeceklerine ili\u015fkin yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ba\u015fvuru \u00fczerine Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zetle \u201cevrak-belge taleplerinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca azalt\u0131lmas\u0131, i\u015flemlerin muadil belgelerle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi ve i\u015flemlerin kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d yolunda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildirmi\u015ftir (Gelirler Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn 26.08.2013 tarih ve 80391 say\u0131l\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131).<\/p>\n<p>\u015eirketlerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun Suriyelilerin yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 illerde a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131lan toplam \u015firket say\u0131s\u0131 1.257 iken, bu say\u0131n\u0131n 1.181\u2019i Suriyelilerin en fazla ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 10 kentte toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir ba\u015fka anlat\u0131mla, 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan \u015firketlerin %94\u2019\u00fc bu 10 kentte a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu, yeni i\u015fyerlerinin \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc- de Suriyelilerin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak amac\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Suriyeliler bu i\u015fyerlerinden dil sorunu olmadan al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f yapabilmekte, kendi gelenek ve ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na uygun yiyecek, giysi gibi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layabilmektedir. Bu i\u015f yerleri ayn\u0131 zamanda yukar\u0131da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere Suriyeliler i\u00e7in de istihdam olana\u011f\u0131 yaratmaktad\u0131r. Mersin\u2019de faaliyet g\u00f6steren Suriye men\u015feli firma say\u0131s\u0131 2009\u2019da 25 iken 2014\u2019te 279\u2019a y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. Oransal olarak bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Mersin\u2019de faaliyet g\u00f6steren firmalar i\u00e7inde Suriyelilerin say\u0131sal pay\u0131 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda %6,3 iken 2014 itibar\u0131yla bu pay %31,2 gibi y\u00fcksek bir d\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Suriye\u2019deki i\u00e7 sava\u015f \u00f6ncesi Gaziantep Ticaret Odas\u0131\u2019na kay\u0131tl\u0131 60 civar\u0131nda Suriyeli firma varken 2014 Ekim itibar\u0131yla bu say\u0131 209\u2019a y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Suriyeli Giri\u015fimcilerin Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sorunlar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yat\u0131r\u0131m yapan Suriyeliler de \u00e7e\u015fitli sorunlar ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. ILO\u2019nun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ftayda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sonu\u00e7lara g\u00f6re Suriyeli giri\u015fimcilerin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 sorunlar ve istemleri ana ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131yla \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n<p>Suriyeli i\u015f adamlar\u0131 yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kamamakta, hatta T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7inde de seyahat k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Vize alamad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerdeki m\u00fc\u015fterilerini T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye davet edememektedirler. Suriyeli i\u015f adamlar\u0131 ve giri\u015fimciler, her sene vize almak yerine vize s\u00fcrelerinin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kalma s\u00fcrelerinin uzat\u0131lmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak uzat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izin s\u00fcrelerinin de ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde uzat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n daha faydal\u0131 olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektedirler. Suriyeli i\u015f adamlar\u0131n\u0131n ve yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir di\u011fer sorun ise T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki yasal d\u00fczenlemelerin uygulanmas\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan farkl\u0131l\u0131klard\u0131r. D\u00fczenlemelere dair mevzuat\u0131n yeterince bilinmemesi ve bu konuda rehberlik eden kurumlar\u0131n hizmetlerinin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmas\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lara yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Suriyelilerin m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131 yeni yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 engellemektedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de in\u015faat yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 yapan Suriyeliler ge\u00e7ici de olsa m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na sahip olmak istemektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Gerekli yasal d\u00fczenlemeye ra\u011fmen bankalarda hesap a\u00e7mada sorun ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r. Diploma denkli\u011fi i\u00e7in Suriyelilerden Suriye\u2019de mezun olduklar\u0131 \u00fcniversitenin onay\u0131 istenmekte ve ileti\u015fim sa\u011flanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 aksamaktad\u0131r. Diplomalara denklik sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in uzmanlardan olu\u015fan heyetler olu\u015fturulmal\u0131 ve bu heyetler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Suriyelilerin mesleki becerileri ve e\u011fitimleri belgelendirilmelidir. \u0130\u015flerin etkin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in kamu kurumlar\u0131nda Arap\u00e7a bilen memur \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u00dcRK\u0130YEL\u0130 \u0130\u015eVERENLER\u0130N G\u00d6R\u00dc\u015eLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Suriyelilerin i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131na girmesi do\u011fal olarak T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 i\u015fverenlerin de g\u00fcndemindedir. T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015fveren Sendikalar\u0131 Konfederasyonu (T\u0130SK) Y\u00f6netim Kurulu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ya\u011f\u0131z Ey\u00fcbo\u011flu\u2019nun tespitleri \u015f\u00f6yledir: \u201cSuriyeli s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ge\u00e7imlerini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in i\u015f aramaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131na dahil olan bu yeni i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc g\u00fcvencesiz, sigortas\u0131z, olumsuz i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ko\u015fullar\u0131nda, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli i\u015f yerlerinde kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak istihdam edilmekte; bir b\u00f6l\u00fc- m\u00fc de mevsimlik tar\u0131m i\u015fleri, in\u015faat gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck nitelikli i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta ve \u00e7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi sorunu ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan, Suriyeliler taraf\u0131ndan kurulan i\u015fyerlerinin tamam\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131 da kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Ey\u00fcbo\u011flu, Suriyelilerin ucuz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne kaynakl\u0131k etti\u011fini belirtmekte ve \u201cGenel \u00fccret d\u00fczeyinde d\u00fc\u015fme, T\u00fcrk i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u015fini kaybetmesi\u201d gibi geli\u015fmelerden s\u00f6z etmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, Suriyeliler taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lan i\u015fyerlerinin kay\u0131ts\u0131z olmas\u0131 nedeniyle de \u00f6nemli bir haks\u0131z rekabet sorunu ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>T\u0130SK ba\u015fkan\u0131, Suriyeli s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar\u0131n i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131nda d\u00fczg\u00fcn i\u015flere ula\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck engelin, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn e\u011fitim seviyelerinin \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131 ve gelir getirici bir mesle\u011fe sahip bulunmamalar\u0131 oldu\u011funu ifade etmektedir. Ey\u00fcbo\u011flu, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Suriyeliler konusunda h\u00e2l\u00e2 tam ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 verilerin bulunmamas\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekmekte ve Suriyelilerin e\u011fitim, i\u015f ve meslek bilgilerinin derlenmesinin, demografi, e\u011fitim, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve sosyal geli\u015fim a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan takip edilmelerinin, do\u011fru politikalar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zorunlu oldu\u011funu belirtmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>T\u0130SK taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan bir raporda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Suriyelilerin kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k e\u011filiminin her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn daha da g\u00fc\u00e7lendi\u011fi, bu nedenle gelece\u011fe y\u00f6nelik uyum politikalar\u0131n\u0131n ele al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu oldu\u011fu vurgulanmaktad\u0131r. Bu konuda yap\u0131lacaklar\u0131n sadece idari ve yasal d\u00fczenlemeler boyutunda kalmas\u0131n\u0131n yetersiz olaca\u011f\u0131; ba\u015fta i\u015f ve ekonomi d\u00fcnyas\u0131 olmak \u00fczere toplumun di\u011fer b\u00fct\u00fcn kesimlerinin de konuya ilgi duymas\u0131n\u0131n, \u00e7e\u015fitli proje ve politikalar \u00fcretmesinin \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>T\u0130SK raporuna g\u00f6re, i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131, Suriyelilerin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususunda neredeyse hi\u00e7bir teredd\u00fct ta\u015f\u0131mamaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fverenlerin Suriyelilerin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 sorunlara ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri ana hatlar\u0131yla \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0130\u015fverenlere g\u00f6re Suriyeliler, ihtiya\u00e7 olan b\u00f6lgelere ve sekt\u00f6rlere y\u00f6nlendirilmeli ve b\u00f6ylece da\u011f\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 da makul bir zemine oturtulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130\u015fverenler, sekt\u00f6rel ve b\u00f6lgesel analizlere dayal\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde planlamalar yap\u0131lmadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131 verilmesinin kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ekonomiyi, rekabeti ve i\u015fsizli\u011fi ciddi bir bi\u00e7imde olumsuz etkileyece\u011finden endi\u015fe etmektedir.<\/li>\n<li>E\u015fit piyasa ve rekabet ko\u015fullar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na izin verilmesinin T\u00fcrk ekonomisine katk\u0131 sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmakla birlikte, kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n kay\u0131tl\u0131 hale gelmesi sonucu Suriyeli bir i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn maliyetinin ortalama bir T\u00fcrk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan seviyesine gelece\u011fi ve bu durumda da Suriyeli i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn cazibesinin azalaca\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekmektedirler. Bu konuda i\u015fverenler devletten te\u015fvikler beklemektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, istihdam imkanlar\u0131 yarat\u0131l\u0131rken yerel halk\u0131n ma\u011fdur edilmemesi, izinlerin i\u015f huzurunu etkilemeyecek \u015fekilde kotalar halinde verilmesi gereklili\u011fini vurgulamaktad\u0131rlar.<\/li>\n<li>Suriyeliler i\u00e7in yarat\u0131lacak istihdam alan\u0131n\u0131n devlet \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi talebi de i\u015fverenler aras\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. \u0130\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n temsilcileri devletin hem yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 hem e\u011fitici, hem de d\u00fczenleyici olarak konuya m\u00fcdahil olmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemsediklerini belirtmektedir.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki temel sorunun mesleksizlik ve vas\u0131fs\u0131zl\u0131k oldu\u011funu her vesileyle ifade eden i\u015fverenler, Suriyelilere ciddi meslek e\u011fitimlerinin verilmesi gere\u011fini ifade etmektedir. \u0130\u015fveren kesimine g\u00f6re, Suriyelilerin T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisine entegrasyonu yasal d\u00fczenlemelerle, dil ve meslek e\u011fitiminden ge\u00e7mektedir.<\/li>\n<li>Turizm alan\u0131n\u0131n bir \u201cestetik, huzur ve g\u00fcven\u201d alan\u0131 oldu\u011funu \u00f6zellikle vurgulayan sekt\u00f6r temsilcileri, Suriyelilerin bu illerden uzak tutulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, aksi halde \u00e7ok ciddi turizm kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcndeme gelece\u011fini, bunun da mevcut istihdam\u0131 olumsuz etkileyece\u011fi i\u00e7in, ard\u0131ndan Suriyelilere y\u00f6nelik tepkilerin katlanarak artaca\u011f\u0131 endi\u015felerini ifade etmektedirler.<\/li>\n<li>Ba\u015fta mevsimlik i\u015f\u00e7ilik olmak \u00fczere tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn, hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n, in\u015faat, imalat sekt\u00f6rlerinin Suriyelilerin istihdam\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan uygun olaca\u011f\u0131na dair i\u015fverenlerde genel bir kanaat s\u00f6z konusudur. Bu konuda s\u00f6z konusu sekt\u00f6rlerde istihdam\u0131n ge\u00e7ici niteli\u011fi ve nitelik gerektirmeyen i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmas\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131ca etkendir.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Suriyelilerin istihdam\u0131 konusunda en somut \u00f6nerilerden biri hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnden gelmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 44 milyon k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckba\u015f, 14 milyon b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f hayvan oldu\u011funu ifade eden konunun uzmanlar\u0131, \u00e7obanl\u0131k mesle\u011finin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de tercih edilmedi\u011fini, bu nedenle de bu alanda ciddi bir a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011funu vurgulamaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede yakla\u015f\u0131k 100.000 ki\u015filik bir istihdam potansiyelinin Suriyeliler dikkate al\u0131narak planlanabilece\u011fi belirtilmektedir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0130\u015fverenlerin en \u00f6nemli talepleri aras\u0131nda, Suriyelilerin kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunan i\u015fyerlerinin kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 yer almaktad\u0131r. Kay\u0131ts\u0131z i\u015fyerlerinin haks\u0131z rekabet yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Gaziantep\u2019in Suriyeliler sayesinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyet imkan\u0131na kavu\u015ftu\u011fu ve art\u0131k Gaziantep\u2019le rekabet edilemedi\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, ekonomik dengeleri olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkiledi\u011fi gibi, rekabeti engelleyerek haks\u0131z kazanc\u0131 art\u0131rmakta ve yasalara uygun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kurumlar\u0131 ma\u011fdur etmektedir. Kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da olumsuz sonu\u00e7lar yaratmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye yasalar\u0131na g\u00f6re, kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yabanc\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 parasal cezaya tabidir. 2016 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni olmaks\u0131z\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan yabanc\u0131ya ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131 881 TL, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran i\u015fverene 8.848.000 TL ceza uygulanmaktad\u0131r. Ancak cezalar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 konusunda etkin bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u015fverenlerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri, ILO taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131lan \u015eanl\u0131urfa\u2019da \u0130\u015fverenlerin ve \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin Suriyeli \u0130stihdam\u0131na Bak\u0131\u015f\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya ana ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131yla \u015fu \u015fekilde yans\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0130\u015fverenler Suriyelilerin istihdam\u0131na olumlu bakmalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, istihdam konusunda ya\u015fanan en \u00f6nemli d\u00f6rt sorunu s\u0131ras\u0131yla dil, sosyal uyum, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izinlerinin olmamas\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenlik alg\u0131s\u0131 olarak ifade etmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu s\u0131ralamay\u0131, yeterli bilgi ve donan\u0131ma sahip olmamalar\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma disiplini konusundaki sorunlar ve maliyetler izlemektedir.<\/li>\n<li>Buna g\u00f6re, i\u015fletmelerin %68\u2019inin Suriyeli \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n g\u00fcvenlik sorunlar\u0131na neden oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, %67 civar\u0131ndaki bir kesimin Suriyeli \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n dil nedeniyle sorun yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, %63\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn Suriyeli \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n d\u00fczeni bozdu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, %60\u2019\u0131n\u0131n Suriyelilerin yeterli bilgi ve donan\u0131ma sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve %5\u2019inin Suriyeli \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n maliyetli oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 elde edilmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Uzmanlar, her 400 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckba\u015f hayvan i\u00e7in 1 \u00e7oban ihtiyac\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve sadece 44 milyon k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckba\u015f hayvan i\u00e7in 110 bin \u00e7obana ihtiya\u00e7 duyuldu\u011funu ifade etmektedirler. \u0130\u015fletmelerin %13\u2019\u00fc Suriyeli \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma nedenlerini, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccret sayesinde i\u015f\u00e7i maliyetinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131na ba\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada i\u015fletmeler, %60 gibi y\u00fcksek bir oran ile gerekti\u011fi zaman Suriyeli \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabileceklerini ifade etmektedir. \u0130\u015fletme sahiplerinin %64 gibi \u00f6nemli bir oran\u0131 ise, devlet deste\u011fi olmas\u0131 durumunda Suriyeli istihdam\u0131 konusunda olumlu bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na sahip olduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir. \u0084 Hi\u00e7bir ko\u015fulda Suriyeli \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen i\u015fletmelerin oran\u0131 %32\u2019dir.<\/p>\n<p>Suriyelilere kar\u015f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek olumsuz intibalar\u0131n giderilmesinde; devlet taraf\u0131ndan uygulanabilecek uyum programlar\u0131n\u0131n, hizmet i\u00e7i e\u011fitimlerin geli\u015ftirilmesinin \u00f6nemli bir pay\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir. \u0130\u015fletmelerin yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc, Suriyelilerin \u00fclkelerine d\u00f6nebilme ihtimalini ak\u0131lda tutarak, bu kesimin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n risk oldu\u011funu ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u015fletmelerin yakla\u015f\u0131k %90 gibi y\u00fcksek bir oran\u0131, Suriyelilerin kendi \u00fclkelerine d\u00f6nmeleri gerekti\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildirmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n<p>Genel olarak g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7ilerin yerli i\u015f\u00e7ilerle farkl\u0131 yanlar\u0131ndan birini, yerli i\u015f\u00e7inin yapmak istemedi\u011fi i\u015flerin g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Ancak, bu durum T\u00fcrkiye bak\u0131m\u0131ndan birtak\u0131m farkl\u0131l\u0131klar ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fsizli\u011fin fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hemen her i\u015fi yapacak olan yerli i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, sorunu daha da a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rmakta, yerli i\u015f\u00e7ilerle Suriyeliler aras\u0131nda rekabeti art\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Rekabet ortam\u0131, her iki kesim i\u00e7in \u00fccretlerin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru \u00e7ekilmesi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n geriye do\u011fru gitmesi sonucunu yaratmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Yerli i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00fccret ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere herhangi bir hak talebi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda i\u015fverenler, kendilerine \u00f6nerilen ko\u015fullar\u0131 kabul etmemeleri halinde, daha ucuza Suriyeli i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabileceklerini belirtmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Suriyeli i\u015f\u00e7iler, yerli i\u015f\u00e7ilerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131nda daha k\u00f6t\u00fc ko\u015fullarda, g\u00fcvencesiz bi\u00e7imde ve daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretlerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcm di\u011fer ko\u015fullar yan\u0131nda, \u00fccretlerinin \u00f6denmemesi gibi temel bir sorunla bo\u011fu\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00dccretler<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Suriyeli m\u00fclteciler, daha a\u011f\u0131r i\u015fleri yapmalar\u0131na ve i\u015fyerinde daha uzun s\u00fcre kalmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen yerli i\u015f\u00e7ilere g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha az \u00fccretle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u00dccret farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131lan i\u015fe g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Vas\u0131fs\u0131z i\u015flerde \u00fccret d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00f6nemli farklara ula\u015f\u0131rken, vas\u0131fl\u0131 i\u015flerde yerli i\u015f\u00e7iye daha yak\u0131n olmaktad\u0131r. Bu konuda yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n bulgular\u0131, ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 illere ve sekt\u00f6rlere g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Suriyelilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fam\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlardan birinin ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bir\u00e7ok i\u015fyerinde, Suriyelilere daha olumsuz davran\u0131lmakta, Suriyeliler zaman zaman hakaret ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lamayla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fyerlerinde Suriyeli olmalar\u0131 nedeniyle herhangi bir ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa maruz kal\u0131p kalmad\u0131klar\u0131 sorusuna, Suriyelilerin %60\u2019\u0131 ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015fyerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan yerli i\u015f\u00e7ilerle farkl\u0131 bir davran\u0131\u015f g\u00f6rmedi\u011fini belirtenler %40 oran\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n, a\u011f\u0131r i\u015flerin verilmesi, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanma ve k\u00f6t\u00fc davran\u0131\u015fa maruz kalma \u015feklinde belirdi\u011fi aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6denmeyen \u00dccretler<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00dccretlerinin \u00f6denmemesi Suriyeli i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 en \u00f6nemli sorunlar aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fverenlerin, bir sorun ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131nda hangi makama \u015fik\u00e2yet edeceklerini, haklar\u0131n\u0131 nerede arayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 bilememeleri ve en \u00f6nemlisi kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 gibi nedenlerle Suriyelilerin \u00fccretlerini \u00f6dememeleri yayg\u0131n davran\u0131\u015flardan biridir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dccretini isteyen bir i\u015f\u00e7i: \u201cS\u00fcrekli, bug\u00fcn git yar\u0131n gel diyorlar. En son y\u0131lba\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6deme yapacaklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdi, ancak 100 lira verip g\u00f6nderdiler. Bir evde d\u00f6rt aile kal\u0131yoruz, bazen yiyecek ekmek bulam\u0131yoruz. \u00c7aresiz kalm\u0131\u015f durumday\u0131z, insan yerine konulmak istiyoruz.\u201d Suriyelilerle yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde, \u201c\u00d6nceki i\u015fyerinizden neden ayr\u0131ld\u0131n\u0131z\u201d sorusuna verilen yan\u0131tlar aras\u0131nda birinci s\u0131ray\u0131 \u00fccretlerin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc al\u0131rken, ikinci s\u0131rada \u00fccret alamama ya da d\u00fczensiz \u00f6deme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 bulunuyor.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dccretlerini isteyen Suriyelilere \u2018kap\u0131\u2019 g\u00f6sterilirken, d\u00fczenli \u00fccret alamayanlar ise tekrar tekrar i\u015f aramaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar; daha \u00f6nce sanayi i\u015fyerlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131\u015f ve tecr\u00fcbesiz ki\u015filer olmalar\u0131, i\u015fe uyum s\u00fcrecinin daha uzun olmas\u0131, bulunduklar\u0131 \u00fclkenin dilini iyi bilmemeleri, ayr\u0131ca tehlikeli i\u015flerde daha \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrelerinin yerli i\u015f\u00e7ilere g\u00f6re daha uzun olmas\u0131 gibi nedenlerden dolay\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7ilerin i\u015f kazalar\u0131na daha fazla maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6zellikle 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu durum daha belirgindir. 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda milliyetlerine g\u00f6re g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6l\u00fcm oranlar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir: %61 Suriyeli %12 Afgan %5 G\u00fcrc\u00fc %4 Ukraynal\u0131 %4 \u0130ranl\u0131 %2\u2019\u015fer Irakl\u0131, \u00d6zbek ve Rus. Suriyeliler i\u015f ya\u015fam\u0131na daha fazla girdik\u00e7e daha fazla i\u015f cinayetine maruz kalmakta ve ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 yitirmektedir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nitelikli\/Vas\u0131fl\u0131 Suriyeliler<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulamayan, e\u011fitimli, belirli bir vasf\u0131 olan Suriyelilerin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den ayr\u0131lma ve Avrupa\u2019ya gitme e\u011filimleri daha y\u00fcksektir. Yasal yollarla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u201cvatanda\u015f\u201d ya da \u201cm\u00fclteci stat\u00fcs\u00fcne sahip olmalar\u0131 bile \u015fimdilik ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i g\u00f6r\u00fcnmedi\u011finden, nitelikli bu kesim \u0130ngilizce bilmelerinin de etkisiyle Avrupa\u2019ya gitme e\u011filimindedir. Bu ki\u015filer, kendi vas\u0131f ve mesleklerine uygun i\u015f bulamad\u0131klar\u0131ndan, Suriye\u2019deki toplumsal konumlar\u0131n\u0131n da etkisiyle, bulduklar\u0131 vas\u0131fs\u0131z ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretli i\u015fleri tercih etmemektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130\u015f yerinizde\u00a0ge\u00e7ici koruma kart\u0131\u00a0(GKK)\u00a0sahibi bir Suriyeli i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in SGK ya kay\u0131tl\u0131 en az bir\u00a0 T\u00fcrk personelinizin olmas\u0131 yeterlidir, berberler, oto sanayiler ve di\u011fer t\u00fcm \u00e7\u0131rak ve kalfa ihtiyac\u0131 olan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck esnaflar isterlerse \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni alarak i\u015f yerlerinde bir Suriyeliyi yasal olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilirler.<\/p>\n<p>Fabrikada Suriyeli \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak zorunlu de\u011fildir fakat ihtiya\u00e7 olmas\u0131 durumunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak her bir Suriyeli i\u00e7in en az 10 T\u00fcrk personel olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015facak Suriyeli say\u0131s\u0131 toplam personelin %10 undan fazla olamaz. \u00d6rne\u011fin 100 ki\u015finin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir fabrikada sadece 10 Suriyeli i\u015f\u00e7iye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni alabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":16599,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[100],"tags":[],"table_tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Suriyeli \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilere \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u0130zni Nas\u0131l Al\u0131n\u0131r? - Barlas Hukuk B\u00fcrosu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/barlaslaw.com\/tr\/suriyeli-iscilere-calisma-izni-nasil-alinir\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Suriyeli \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilere \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u0130zni Nas\u0131l Al\u0131n\u0131r? - Barlas Hukuk B\u00fcrosu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0130\u015f yerinizde\u00a0ge\u00e7ici koruma kart\u0131\u00a0(GKK)\u00a0sahibi bir Suriyeli i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in SGK ya kay\u0131tl\u0131 en az bir\u00a0 T\u00fcrk personelinizin olmas\u0131 yeterlidir, berberler, oto sanayiler ve di\u011fer t\u00fcm \u00e7\u0131rak ve kalfa ihtiyac\u0131 olan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck esnaflar isterlerse \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni alarak i\u015f yerlerinde bir Suriyeliyi yasal olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilirler.  Fabrikada Suriyeli \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak zorunlu de\u011fildir fakat ihtiya\u00e7 olmas\u0131 durumunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak her bir Suriyeli i\u00e7in en az 10 T\u00fcrk personel olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015facak Suriyeli say\u0131s\u0131 toplam personelin %10 undan fazla olamaz. \u00d6rne\u011fin 100 ki\u015finin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir fabrikada sadece 10 Suriyeli i\u015f\u00e7iye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni alabilirsiniz.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/barlaslaw.com\/tr\/suriyeli-iscilere-calisma-izni-nasil-alinir\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Barlas Hukuk B\u00fcrosu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-12-03T17:43:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/barlaslaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/globe-960267_1920.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"650\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"325\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u00d6mer Kimsesiz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u00d6mer Kimsesiz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"66 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/barlaslaw.com\/tr\/suriyeli-iscilere-calisma-izni-nasil-alinir\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/barlaslaw.com\/tr\/suriyeli-iscilere-calisma-izni-nasil-alinir\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u00d6mer Kimsesiz\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/barlaslaw.com\/#\/schema\/person\/8056bed5ad6704762d0768ee87c6c969\"},\"headline\":\"Suriyeli \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilere \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u0130zni Nas\u0131l Al\u0131n\u0131r?\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-12-03T17:43:04+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-12-03T17:43:04+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/barlaslaw.com\/tr\/suriyeli-iscilere-calisma-izni-nasil-alinir\/\"},\"wordCount\":13163,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/barlaslaw.com\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Yabanc\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u0130zni\"],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/barlaslaw.com\/tr\/suriyeli-iscilere-calisma-izni-nasil-alinir\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/barlaslaw.com\/tr\/suriyeli-iscilere-calisma-izni-nasil-alinir\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/barlaslaw.com\/tr\/suriyeli-iscilere-calisma-izni-nasil-alinir\/\",\"name\":\"Suriyeli \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilere \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u0130zni Nas\u0131l Al\u0131n\u0131r? 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